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Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Proper reproductive efficiency is decisive to achieving adequate profitability in dairy farms. However, uterine pathologies such as subclinical endometritis (SE) play a primary role in the decline of reproductive performance. This disease impairs reproductive function, and its incide...

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Autores principales: Yáñez, Uxía, Herradón, Pedro G., Becerra, Juan J., Peña, Ana I., Quintela, Luis A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35158566
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030242
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author Yáñez, Uxía
Herradón, Pedro G.
Becerra, Juan J.
Peña, Ana I.
Quintela, Luis A.
author_facet Yáñez, Uxía
Herradón, Pedro G.
Becerra, Juan J.
Peña, Ana I.
Quintela, Luis A.
author_sort Yáñez, Uxía
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Proper reproductive efficiency is decisive to achieving adequate profitability in dairy farms. However, uterine pathologies such as subclinical endometritis (SE) play a primary role in the decline of reproductive performance. This disease impairs reproductive function, and its incidence may reach up to 34% during the first seven weeks after calving. Consequently, identifying the predisposing factors and diagnosing this pathology as early as possible is mandatory to minimize the impact on the profitability of the farms. Several metabolic alterations postpartum have been related to the occurrence of SE, so our objective was to identify which alterations act as risk factors for SE. Uterine and blood samples and data from 94 Holstein cows were collected 30–45 days after calving. Our results showed that serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA), albumin, and urea are related to the incidence of SE, being BHBA a predisposing factor and albumin and urea protective factors. Therefore, these metabolites should be carefully considered during the postpartum period as indicators of SE. Additionally, preventive measures aimed to control these alterations may be useful to prevent SE. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the importance of postpartum serum levels of certain metabolic markers as risk factors for subclinical endometritis (SE). Ninety-four Holstein cows were included in the study, and examinations were carried out between 30–45 days postpartum. Rectal palpation, vaginoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, endometrial cytology, and blood sample collections were performed. The percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%PMN) on the endometrium was evaluated, as well as serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, hepatic enzymes, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA). Samples with ≥8% PMN were classified as positive to subclinical endometritis. According to the serum levels of BHBA, cows were classified as clinical ketosis (>2.6 mmol/L), subclinical ketosis (1.2–2.6 mmol/L), and healthy (<1.2 mmol/L). Additionally, body condition score, parity, date of last labor, peripartum issues, insemination date, date of pregnancy diagnosis and milk production information were collected. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The results showed that as serum levels of BHBA rose, also did the %PMN, so that up to 60% of cows with clinical ketosis suffered from SE. On the other hand, the %PMN fell as serum levels of urea and albumin increased. Consequently, good postpartum management practices and early detection of metabolic alterations are necessary measures to control predisposing factors and reduce the incidence of SE.
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spelling pubmed-88336442022-02-12 Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle Yáñez, Uxía Herradón, Pedro G. Becerra, Juan J. Peña, Ana I. Quintela, Luis A. Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Proper reproductive efficiency is decisive to achieving adequate profitability in dairy farms. However, uterine pathologies such as subclinical endometritis (SE) play a primary role in the decline of reproductive performance. This disease impairs reproductive function, and its incidence may reach up to 34% during the first seven weeks after calving. Consequently, identifying the predisposing factors and diagnosing this pathology as early as possible is mandatory to minimize the impact on the profitability of the farms. Several metabolic alterations postpartum have been related to the occurrence of SE, so our objective was to identify which alterations act as risk factors for SE. Uterine and blood samples and data from 94 Holstein cows were collected 30–45 days after calving. Our results showed that serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA), albumin, and urea are related to the incidence of SE, being BHBA a predisposing factor and albumin and urea protective factors. Therefore, these metabolites should be carefully considered during the postpartum period as indicators of SE. Additionally, preventive measures aimed to control these alterations may be useful to prevent SE. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to verify the importance of postpartum serum levels of certain metabolic markers as risk factors for subclinical endometritis (SE). Ninety-four Holstein cows were included in the study, and examinations were carried out between 30–45 days postpartum. Rectal palpation, vaginoscopy, transrectal ultrasound, endometrial cytology, and blood sample collections were performed. The percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (%PMN) on the endometrium was evaluated, as well as serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, hepatic enzymes, urea, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate acid (BHBA). Samples with ≥8% PMN were classified as positive to subclinical endometritis. According to the serum levels of BHBA, cows were classified as clinical ketosis (>2.6 mmol/L), subclinical ketosis (1.2–2.6 mmol/L), and healthy (<1.2 mmol/L). Additionally, body condition score, parity, date of last labor, peripartum issues, insemination date, date of pregnancy diagnosis and milk production information were collected. Data were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis. The results showed that as serum levels of BHBA rose, also did the %PMN, so that up to 60% of cows with clinical ketosis suffered from SE. On the other hand, the %PMN fell as serum levels of urea and albumin increased. Consequently, good postpartum management practices and early detection of metabolic alterations are necessary measures to control predisposing factors and reduce the incidence of SE. MDPI 2022-01-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8833644/ /pubmed/35158566 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030242 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yáñez, Uxía
Herradón, Pedro G.
Becerra, Juan J.
Peña, Ana I.
Quintela, Luis A.
Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle
title Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle
title_full Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle
title_fullStr Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle
title_short Relationship between Postpartum Metabolic Status and Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cattle
title_sort relationship between postpartum metabolic status and subclinical endometritis in dairy cattle
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833644/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35158566
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12030242
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