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Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments

Myxozoans are a diverse group of microscopic cnidarian parasites and some representatives are associated with important diseases in fish, in both marine and freshwater aquaculture systems. Research on myxozoans has been largely hampered by the inability to isolate myxozoan parasites from their host...

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Autores principales: Born-Torrijos, Ana, Kosakyan, Anush, Patra, Sneha, Pimentel-Santos, Joana, Panicucci, Brian, Chan, Justin Tze Ho, Korytář, Tomáš, Holzer, Astrid S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159187
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030377
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author Born-Torrijos, Ana
Kosakyan, Anush
Patra, Sneha
Pimentel-Santos, Joana
Panicucci, Brian
Chan, Justin Tze Ho
Korytář, Tomáš
Holzer, Astrid S.
author_facet Born-Torrijos, Ana
Kosakyan, Anush
Patra, Sneha
Pimentel-Santos, Joana
Panicucci, Brian
Chan, Justin Tze Ho
Korytář, Tomáš
Holzer, Astrid S.
author_sort Born-Torrijos, Ana
collection PubMed
description Myxozoans are a diverse group of microscopic cnidarian parasites and some representatives are associated with important diseases in fish, in both marine and freshwater aquaculture systems. Research on myxozoans has been largely hampered by the inability to isolate myxozoan parasites from their host tissues. In this study, we developed and optimized a method to isolate the myxozoan proliferative stages of different size and cellularity from fish blood, using DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. We optimized several parameters and obtained 99–100% parasite purity, as well as high survival and infectivity. Using polyclonal pan-carp blood cell-specific antibodies, we further developed a rapid cytometric assay for quantification of the proliferative stages, not only in highly concentrated DEAE-C isolates but also in dilute conditions in full blood. Early developmental stages of myxozoans are key to parasite proliferation, establishment, and pathology in their hosts. The isolation of these stages not only opens new possibilities for in vivo and in vitro studies, but also for obtaining purified DNA and protein extracts for downstream analyses. Hence, we provide a long-desired tool that will advance the functional research into the mechanisms of host exploitation and immune stimulation/evasion in this group, which could contribute greatly to the development of therapeutic strategies against myxozoans.
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spelling pubmed-88339072022-02-12 Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments Born-Torrijos, Ana Kosakyan, Anush Patra, Sneha Pimentel-Santos, Joana Panicucci, Brian Chan, Justin Tze Ho Korytář, Tomáš Holzer, Astrid S. Cells Article Myxozoans are a diverse group of microscopic cnidarian parasites and some representatives are associated with important diseases in fish, in both marine and freshwater aquaculture systems. Research on myxozoans has been largely hampered by the inability to isolate myxozoan parasites from their host tissues. In this study, we developed and optimized a method to isolate the myxozoan proliferative stages of different size and cellularity from fish blood, using DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography. We optimized several parameters and obtained 99–100% parasite purity, as well as high survival and infectivity. Using polyclonal pan-carp blood cell-specific antibodies, we further developed a rapid cytometric assay for quantification of the proliferative stages, not only in highly concentrated DEAE-C isolates but also in dilute conditions in full blood. Early developmental stages of myxozoans are key to parasite proliferation, establishment, and pathology in their hosts. The isolation of these stages not only opens new possibilities for in vivo and in vitro studies, but also for obtaining purified DNA and protein extracts for downstream analyses. Hence, we provide a long-desired tool that will advance the functional research into the mechanisms of host exploitation and immune stimulation/evasion in this group, which could contribute greatly to the development of therapeutic strategies against myxozoans. MDPI 2022-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8833907/ /pubmed/35159187 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030377 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Born-Torrijos, Ana
Kosakyan, Anush
Patra, Sneha
Pimentel-Santos, Joana
Panicucci, Brian
Chan, Justin Tze Ho
Korytář, Tomáš
Holzer, Astrid S.
Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments
title Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments
title_full Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments
title_fullStr Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments
title_full_unstemmed Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments
title_short Method for Isolation of Myxozoan Proliferative Stages from Fish at High Yield and Purity: An Essential Prerequisite for In Vitro, In Vivo and Genomics-Based Research Developments
title_sort method for isolation of myxozoan proliferative stages from fish at high yield and purity: an essential prerequisite for in vitro, in vivo and genomics-based research developments
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833907/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159187
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030377
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