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The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease

The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and maternal processes. The relevance of the placenta extends far beyond the pregnancy, being crucial for fetal progra...

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Autores principales: Ortega, Miguel A., Fraile-Martínez, Oscar, García-Montero, Cielo, Sáez, Miguel A., Álvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel, Torres-Carranza, Diego, Álvarez-Mon, Melchor, Bujan, Julia, García-Honduvilla, Natalio, Bravo, Coral, Guijarro, Luis G., De León-Luis, Juan A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159377
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030568
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author Ortega, Miguel A.
Fraile-Martínez, Oscar
García-Montero, Cielo
Sáez, Miguel A.
Álvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel
Torres-Carranza, Diego
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Bujan, Julia
García-Honduvilla, Natalio
Bravo, Coral
Guijarro, Luis G.
De León-Luis, Juan A.
author_facet Ortega, Miguel A.
Fraile-Martínez, Oscar
García-Montero, Cielo
Sáez, Miguel A.
Álvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel
Torres-Carranza, Diego
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Bujan, Julia
García-Honduvilla, Natalio
Bravo, Coral
Guijarro, Luis G.
De León-Luis, Juan A.
author_sort Ortega, Miguel A.
collection PubMed
description The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and maternal processes. The relevance of the placenta extends far beyond the pregnancy, being crucial for fetal programming before birth. Having integrative knowledge of this maternofetal structure helps significantly in understanding the development of pregnancy either in a proper or pathophysiological context. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the main features of the placenta, with a special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, and functions in non-pathological conditions. In contraposition, the role of the placenta is examined in preeclampsia, a worrisome hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to describe the pathophysiological implications of the placenta in this disease. Likewise, dysfunction of the placenta in fetal growth restriction, a major consequence of preeclampsia, is also discussed, emphasizing the potential clinical strategies derived. Finally, the emerging role of the placenta in maternal chronic venous disease either as a causative agent or as a consequence of the disease is equally treated.
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spelling pubmed-88339142022-02-12 The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease Ortega, Miguel A. Fraile-Martínez, Oscar García-Montero, Cielo Sáez, Miguel A. Álvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel Torres-Carranza, Diego Álvarez-Mon, Melchor Bujan, Julia García-Honduvilla, Natalio Bravo, Coral Guijarro, Luis G. De León-Luis, Juan A. Cells Review The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and maternal processes. The relevance of the placenta extends far beyond the pregnancy, being crucial for fetal programming before birth. Having integrative knowledge of this maternofetal structure helps significantly in understanding the development of pregnancy either in a proper or pathophysiological context. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the main features of the placenta, with a special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, and functions in non-pathological conditions. In contraposition, the role of the placenta is examined in preeclampsia, a worrisome hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to describe the pathophysiological implications of the placenta in this disease. Likewise, dysfunction of the placenta in fetal growth restriction, a major consequence of preeclampsia, is also discussed, emphasizing the potential clinical strategies derived. Finally, the emerging role of the placenta in maternal chronic venous disease either as a causative agent or as a consequence of the disease is equally treated. MDPI 2022-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8833914/ /pubmed/35159377 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030568 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ortega, Miguel A.
Fraile-Martínez, Oscar
García-Montero, Cielo
Sáez, Miguel A.
Álvarez-Mon, Miguel Angel
Torres-Carranza, Diego
Álvarez-Mon, Melchor
Bujan, Julia
García-Honduvilla, Natalio
Bravo, Coral
Guijarro, Luis G.
De León-Luis, Juan A.
The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
title The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
title_full The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
title_fullStr The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
title_full_unstemmed The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
title_short The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease
title_sort pivotal role of the placenta in normal and pathological pregnancies: a focus on preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and maternal chronic venous disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8833914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159377
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030568
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