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Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans

Furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising alternative to currently available nematicides, and it exhibits equivalent control efficiency on root-knot nematodes with avermectin in fields. However, its effect on the reproduction of root-knot nematode is poorly understood. In this study, the natural metabol...

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Autores principales: Cheng, Wanli, Yang, Xue, Xue, Hua, Huang, Dian, Cai, Minmin, Huang, Feng, Zheng, Longyu, Yu, Ziniu, Zhang, Jibin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030401
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author Cheng, Wanli
Yang, Xue
Xue, Hua
Huang, Dian
Cai, Minmin
Huang, Feng
Zheng, Longyu
Yu, Ziniu
Zhang, Jibin
author_facet Cheng, Wanli
Yang, Xue
Xue, Hua
Huang, Dian
Cai, Minmin
Huang, Feng
Zheng, Longyu
Yu, Ziniu
Zhang, Jibin
author_sort Cheng, Wanli
collection PubMed
description Furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising alternative to currently available nematicides, and it exhibits equivalent control efficiency on root-knot nematodes with avermectin in fields. However, its effect on the reproduction of root-knot nematode is poorly understood. In this study, the natural metabolite FAc was found to exhibit reproductive toxicity on Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans. The number of germ cells of C. elegans was observed to decrease after exposure to FAc, with a reduction of 59.9% at a dose of 200 mg/L. FAc in various concentrations induced the germ-cell apoptosis of C. elegans, with an increase over six-fold in the number of apoptotic germ cells at 200 mg/L. These findings suggested that FAc decreased the brood size of nematode by inducing germ-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FAc-induced germ-cell apoptosis was suppressed by the mutation of gene hus-1, clk-2, cep-1, egl-1, ced-3, ced-4, or ced-9. The expression of genes spo-11, cep-1, and egl-1 in C. elegans was increased significantly after FAc treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that nematode exposure to FAc might inflict DNA damage through protein SPO-11, activate CEP-1 and EGL-1, and induce the core apoptosis pathway to cause germ-cell apoptosis, resulting in decreased brood size of C. elegans.
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spelling pubmed-88344152022-02-12 Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans Cheng, Wanli Yang, Xue Xue, Hua Huang, Dian Cai, Minmin Huang, Feng Zheng, Longyu Yu, Ziniu Zhang, Jibin Cells Article Furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising alternative to currently available nematicides, and it exhibits equivalent control efficiency on root-knot nematodes with avermectin in fields. However, its effect on the reproduction of root-knot nematode is poorly understood. In this study, the natural metabolite FAc was found to exhibit reproductive toxicity on Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans. The number of germ cells of C. elegans was observed to decrease after exposure to FAc, with a reduction of 59.9% at a dose of 200 mg/L. FAc in various concentrations induced the germ-cell apoptosis of C. elegans, with an increase over six-fold in the number of apoptotic germ cells at 200 mg/L. These findings suggested that FAc decreased the brood size of nematode by inducing germ-cell apoptosis. Moreover, FAc-induced germ-cell apoptosis was suppressed by the mutation of gene hus-1, clk-2, cep-1, egl-1, ced-3, ced-4, or ced-9. The expression of genes spo-11, cep-1, and egl-1 in C. elegans was increased significantly after FAc treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that nematode exposure to FAc might inflict DNA damage through protein SPO-11, activate CEP-1 and EGL-1, and induce the core apoptosis pathway to cause germ-cell apoptosis, resulting in decreased brood size of C. elegans. MDPI 2022-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8834415/ /pubmed/35159211 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030401 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cheng, Wanli
Yang, Xue
Xue, Hua
Huang, Dian
Cai, Minmin
Huang, Feng
Zheng, Longyu
Yu, Ziniu
Zhang, Jibin
Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans
title Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans
title_full Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans
title_fullStr Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans
title_full_unstemmed Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans
title_short Reproductive Toxicity of Furfural Acetone in Meloidogyne incognita and Caenorhabditis elegans
title_sort reproductive toxicity of furfural acetone in meloidogyne incognita and caenorhabditis elegans
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834415/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159211
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11030401
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