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Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor

Legionellae are gram-negative bacteria most commonly found in freshwater ecosystems and purpose-built water systems. In humans, the bacterium causes Legionnaires’ disease (LD) or a Pontiac fever. In this study, the different waters (drinking water, pool water, cooling towers) in which Legionella pne...

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Autores principales: Knežević, Maša, Rončević, Dobrica, Vukić Lušić, Darija, Mihelčić, Mirna, Kogoj, Rok, Keše, Darja, Glad, Marin, Cenov, Arijana, Ožanič, Mateja, Glažar Ivče, Daniela, Šantić, Marina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162120
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031099
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author Knežević, Maša
Rončević, Dobrica
Vukić Lušić, Darija
Mihelčić, Mirna
Kogoj, Rok
Keše, Darja
Glad, Marin
Cenov, Arijana
Ožanič, Mateja
Glažar Ivče, Daniela
Šantić, Marina
author_facet Knežević, Maša
Rončević, Dobrica
Vukić Lušić, Darija
Mihelčić, Mirna
Kogoj, Rok
Keše, Darja
Glad, Marin
Cenov, Arijana
Ožanič, Mateja
Glažar Ivče, Daniela
Šantić, Marina
author_sort Knežević, Maša
collection PubMed
description Legionellae are gram-negative bacteria most commonly found in freshwater ecosystems and purpose-built water systems. In humans, the bacterium causes Legionnaires’ disease (LD) or a Pontiac fever. In this study, the different waters (drinking water, pool water, cooling towers) in which Legionella pneumophila has been isolated were studied to assess the possible risk of bacterial spreading in the population. The influence of physical and chemical parameters, and interactions with Acanthamoeba castellanii on L. pneumophila, were analyzed by Heterotrophic Plate Count, the Colony-forming units (CFU) methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Sequence-Based Typing (SBT) analysis. During the study period (2013–2019), a total of 1932 water samples were analyzed, with the average annual rate of Legionella-positive water samples of 8.9%, showing an increasing trend. The largest proportion of Legionella-positive samples was found in cooling towers and rehabilitation centers (33.9% and 33.3%, respectively). Among the isolates, L. pneumophila SGs 2–14 was the most commonly identified strain (76%). The survival of Legionella was enhanced in the samples with higher pH values, while higher electrical conductivity, nitrate, and free residual chlorine concentration significantly reduced the survival of Legionella. Our results show that growth in amoeba does not affect the allelic profile, phenotype, and morphology of the bacterium but environmental L. pneumophila becomes more resistant to pasteurization treatment.
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spelling pubmed-88345262022-02-12 Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor Knežević, Maša Rončević, Dobrica Vukić Lušić, Darija Mihelčić, Mirna Kogoj, Rok Keše, Darja Glad, Marin Cenov, Arijana Ožanič, Mateja Glažar Ivče, Daniela Šantić, Marina Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Legionellae are gram-negative bacteria most commonly found in freshwater ecosystems and purpose-built water systems. In humans, the bacterium causes Legionnaires’ disease (LD) or a Pontiac fever. In this study, the different waters (drinking water, pool water, cooling towers) in which Legionella pneumophila has been isolated were studied to assess the possible risk of bacterial spreading in the population. The influence of physical and chemical parameters, and interactions with Acanthamoeba castellanii on L. pneumophila, were analyzed by Heterotrophic Plate Count, the Colony-forming units (CFU) methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Sequence-Based Typing (SBT) analysis. During the study period (2013–2019), a total of 1932 water samples were analyzed, with the average annual rate of Legionella-positive water samples of 8.9%, showing an increasing trend. The largest proportion of Legionella-positive samples was found in cooling towers and rehabilitation centers (33.9% and 33.3%, respectively). Among the isolates, L. pneumophila SGs 2–14 was the most commonly identified strain (76%). The survival of Legionella was enhanced in the samples with higher pH values, while higher electrical conductivity, nitrate, and free residual chlorine concentration significantly reduced the survival of Legionella. Our results show that growth in amoeba does not affect the allelic profile, phenotype, and morphology of the bacterium but environmental L. pneumophila becomes more resistant to pasteurization treatment. MDPI 2022-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8834526/ /pubmed/35162120 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031099 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Knežević, Maša
Rončević, Dobrica
Vukić Lušić, Darija
Mihelčić, Mirna
Kogoj, Rok
Keše, Darja
Glad, Marin
Cenov, Arijana
Ožanič, Mateja
Glažar Ivče, Daniela
Šantić, Marina
Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor
title Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor
title_full Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor
title_fullStr Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor
title_full_unstemmed Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor
title_short Decreasing Pasteurization Treatment Efficiency against Amoeba-Grown Legionella pneumophila—Recognized Public Health Risk Factor
title_sort decreasing pasteurization treatment efficiency against amoeba-grown legionella pneumophila—recognized public health risk factor
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8834526/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162120
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031099
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