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Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity

Over the last years, research has focused on microbiota to establish a missing link between neuronal health and intestine imbalance. Many studies have considered microbiota as critical regulators of the gut–brain axis. The crosstalk between microbiota and the central nervous system is mainly explain...

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Autores principales: Balaguer-Trias, Jordina, Deepika, Deepika, Schuhmacher, Marta, Kumar, Vikas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8835190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162390
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031368
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author Balaguer-Trias, Jordina
Deepika, Deepika
Schuhmacher, Marta
Kumar, Vikas
author_facet Balaguer-Trias, Jordina
Deepika, Deepika
Schuhmacher, Marta
Kumar, Vikas
author_sort Balaguer-Trias, Jordina
collection PubMed
description Over the last years, research has focused on microbiota to establish a missing link between neuronal health and intestine imbalance. Many studies have considered microbiota as critical regulators of the gut–brain axis. The crosstalk between microbiota and the central nervous system is mainly explained through three different pathways: the neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, intricately interconnected with each other. In day-to-day life, human beings are exposed to a wide variety of contaminants that affect our intestinal microbiota and alter the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, causing neuronal disorders. The interplay between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity is still not fully explored, especially for susceptible populations such as pregnant women, neonates, and developing children. Precisely, early exposure to contaminants can trigger neurodevelopmental toxicity and long-term diseases. There is growing but limited research on the specific mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA), making it challenging to understand the effect of environmental pollutants. In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between microbiota–gut–brain and analyse the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Bisphenol A (BPA), Chlorpyrifos (CPF), Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in MGBA perturbations and subsequent neurotoxicity. The complexity of the MGBA and the changing nature of the gut microbiota pose significant challenges for future research. However, emerging in-silico models able to analyse and interpret meta-omics data are a promising option for understanding the processes in this axis and can help prevent neurotoxicity.
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spelling pubmed-88351902022-02-12 Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity Balaguer-Trias, Jordina Deepika, Deepika Schuhmacher, Marta Kumar, Vikas Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Over the last years, research has focused on microbiota to establish a missing link between neuronal health and intestine imbalance. Many studies have considered microbiota as critical regulators of the gut–brain axis. The crosstalk between microbiota and the central nervous system is mainly explained through three different pathways: the neural, endocrine, and immune pathways, intricately interconnected with each other. In day-to-day life, human beings are exposed to a wide variety of contaminants that affect our intestinal microbiota and alter the bidirectional communication between the gut and brain, causing neuronal disorders. The interplay between xenobiotics, microbiota and neurotoxicity is still not fully explored, especially for susceptible populations such as pregnant women, neonates, and developing children. Precisely, early exposure to contaminants can trigger neurodevelopmental toxicity and long-term diseases. There is growing but limited research on the specific mechanisms of the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA), making it challenging to understand the effect of environmental pollutants. In this review, we discuss the biological interplay between microbiota–gut–brain and analyse the role of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: Bisphenol A (BPA), Chlorpyrifos (CPF), Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), and Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in MGBA perturbations and subsequent neurotoxicity. The complexity of the MGBA and the changing nature of the gut microbiota pose significant challenges for future research. However, emerging in-silico models able to analyse and interpret meta-omics data are a promising option for understanding the processes in this axis and can help prevent neurotoxicity. MDPI 2022-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8835190/ /pubmed/35162390 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031368 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Balaguer-Trias, Jordina
Deepika, Deepika
Schuhmacher, Marta
Kumar, Vikas
Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity
title Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity
title_full Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity
title_fullStr Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity
title_short Impact of Contaminants on Microbiota: Linking the Gut–Brain Axis with Neurotoxicity
title_sort impact of contaminants on microbiota: linking the gut–brain axis with neurotoxicity
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8835190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162390
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031368
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