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Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic

Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic quarantine, university students were under various types of stressors, including the exams period, which might have affected their quality and quantity of sleep, and consequently, their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate...

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Autores principales: Alghamdi, Amal A., Alafif, Nora O., BaHammam, Ahmed S., Almuammar, May, Alharbi, Najd S., Alhefdhi, Nouf A., Al-Musharaf, Sara, Al Ghamdi, Kholoud S., AlYousif, Ghada F., Al Muhanna, Norah F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8835620/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162799
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031776
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author Alghamdi, Amal A.
Alafif, Nora O.
BaHammam, Ahmed S.
Almuammar, May
Alharbi, Najd S.
Alhefdhi, Nouf A.
Al-Musharaf, Sara
Al Ghamdi, Kholoud S.
AlYousif, Ghada F.
Al Muhanna, Norah F.
author_facet Alghamdi, Amal A.
Alafif, Nora O.
BaHammam, Ahmed S.
Almuammar, May
Alharbi, Najd S.
Alhefdhi, Nouf A.
Al-Musharaf, Sara
Al Ghamdi, Kholoud S.
AlYousif, Ghada F.
Al Muhanna, Norah F.
author_sort Alghamdi, Amal A.
collection PubMed
description Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic quarantine, university students were under various types of stressors, including the exams period, which might have affected their quality and quantity of sleep, and consequently, their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the pattern and predictors of nightmares among university students and coinvestigate the presence of other types of sleep disturbances, mental disorders, and quarantine-related stressors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 368 university students who answered a self-completed questionnaire covering their sociodemographic features, nightmare indicators, and associated quarantine stressors. Additionally, sleep disturbances were measured using the Generalized Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS), anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 scale, and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Results: The participants’ mean age was 20.4 ± 1.6 years, and male participants represented 35.9% of the sample. Nightmares were experienced by 117 (31.8%) of the participants, of whom 44.4% had new-onset nightmares. The mean GSDS was 45.0 ± 14.9 (min. = 12, max. = 130). This value is associated with elevated odds of the following outcomes: the presence of nightmares (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.1–3.0); new-onset nightmares at the time of pandemic (OR = 2.6; CI 95% = 1.3–5.5); and anxiety (OR = 1.74; CI 95% = 1.0–2.9). The presence of nightmares elevated the score of GSDS by 11.3 points (S.E. = 1.6, p < 0.001), elevated the odds of anxiety by 4.1 (CI 95% = 2.5–6.8), and depression by 2.1 (CI 95% = 1.3–3.4). Conclusions: Stressors resulting from both the exams period and the fact that it was conducted during COVID-19 quarantine increased the rate and affected the pattern of nightmares. These stressors also led to other sleep disturbances and mental disorders that were significantly more prevalent among females.
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spelling pubmed-88356202022-02-12 Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic Alghamdi, Amal A. Alafif, Nora O. BaHammam, Ahmed S. Almuammar, May Alharbi, Najd S. Alhefdhi, Nouf A. Al-Musharaf, Sara Al Ghamdi, Kholoud S. AlYousif, Ghada F. Al Muhanna, Norah F. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Purpose: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic quarantine, university students were under various types of stressors, including the exams period, which might have affected their quality and quantity of sleep, and consequently, their quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the pattern and predictors of nightmares among university students and coinvestigate the presence of other types of sleep disturbances, mental disorders, and quarantine-related stressors. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 368 university students who answered a self-completed questionnaire covering their sociodemographic features, nightmare indicators, and associated quarantine stressors. Additionally, sleep disturbances were measured using the Generalized Sleep Disturbance Scale (GSDS), anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2 scale, and depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Results: The participants’ mean age was 20.4 ± 1.6 years, and male participants represented 35.9% of the sample. Nightmares were experienced by 117 (31.8%) of the participants, of whom 44.4% had new-onset nightmares. The mean GSDS was 45.0 ± 14.9 (min. = 12, max. = 130). This value is associated with elevated odds of the following outcomes: the presence of nightmares (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.1–3.0); new-onset nightmares at the time of pandemic (OR = 2.6; CI 95% = 1.3–5.5); and anxiety (OR = 1.74; CI 95% = 1.0–2.9). The presence of nightmares elevated the score of GSDS by 11.3 points (S.E. = 1.6, p < 0.001), elevated the odds of anxiety by 4.1 (CI 95% = 2.5–6.8), and depression by 2.1 (CI 95% = 1.3–3.4). Conclusions: Stressors resulting from both the exams period and the fact that it was conducted during COVID-19 quarantine increased the rate and affected the pattern of nightmares. These stressors also led to other sleep disturbances and mental disorders that were significantly more prevalent among females. MDPI 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8835620/ /pubmed/35162799 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031776 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alghamdi, Amal A.
Alafif, Nora O.
BaHammam, Ahmed S.
Almuammar, May
Alharbi, Najd S.
Alhefdhi, Nouf A.
Al-Musharaf, Sara
Al Ghamdi, Kholoud S.
AlYousif, Ghada F.
Al Muhanna, Norah F.
Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
title Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
title_fullStr Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
title_full_unstemmed Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
title_short Nightmares’ Pattern and Predictors among a Saudi University Students during COVID-19 Pandemic
title_sort nightmares’ pattern and predictors among a saudi university students during covid-19 pandemic
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8835620/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35162799
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031776
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