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Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutation...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8836148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163567 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031649 |
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author | Das, Srijit Juliana, Norsham Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu Azmani, Sahar Abu, Izuddin Fahmy |
author_facet | Das, Srijit Juliana, Norsham Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu Azmani, Sahar Abu, Izuddin Fahmy |
author_sort | Das, Srijit |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation, including epigenetic modifications, are known to contribute to the disease’s pathophysiology. The prognosis is good if detected early, or else the outcome is very bad if distant metastasis has already occurred. Conventional treatment with drugs poses a challenge when there is drug resistance. In the present review, we discuss multiple myeloma and its treatment, drug resistance, the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation, the role of natural products in epigenetic regulators, diet, physical activity, addiction, and environmental pollutants, which may be beneficial for clinicians and researchers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8836148 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88361482022-02-12 Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment Das, Srijit Juliana, Norsham Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu Azmani, Sahar Abu, Izuddin Fahmy Int J Mol Sci Review Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is characterized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation, including epigenetic modifications, are known to contribute to the disease’s pathophysiology. The prognosis is good if detected early, or else the outcome is very bad if distant metastasis has already occurred. Conventional treatment with drugs poses a challenge when there is drug resistance. In the present review, we discuss multiple myeloma and its treatment, drug resistance, the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation, the role of natural products in epigenetic regulators, diet, physical activity, addiction, and environmental pollutants, which may be beneficial for clinicians and researchers. MDPI 2022-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8836148/ /pubmed/35163567 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031649 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Das, Srijit Juliana, Norsham Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu Azmani, Sahar Abu, Izuddin Fahmy Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment |
title | Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment |
title_full | Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment |
title_fullStr | Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment |
title_short | Multiple Myeloma: Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment |
title_sort | multiple myeloma: challenges encountered and future options for better treatment |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8836148/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163567 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031649 |
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