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Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)

The Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) gene belongs to the IGT family, which mainly controls plant branch angle, thereby affecting plant form. Two members of MdTAC1 are identified in apple; the regulation of apple branch angle by MdTAC1 is still unclear. In this study, a subcellular localization analysis...

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Autores principales: Li, Yongzhou, Tan, Xu, Guo, Jing, Hu, Enyue, Pan, Qi, Zhao, Yuan, Chu, Yu, Zhu, Yuandi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8836888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163793
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031870
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author Li, Yongzhou
Tan, Xu
Guo, Jing
Hu, Enyue
Pan, Qi
Zhao, Yuan
Chu, Yu
Zhu, Yuandi
author_facet Li, Yongzhou
Tan, Xu
Guo, Jing
Hu, Enyue
Pan, Qi
Zhao, Yuan
Chu, Yu
Zhu, Yuandi
author_sort Li, Yongzhou
collection PubMed
description The Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) gene belongs to the IGT family, which mainly controls plant branch angle, thereby affecting plant form. Two members of MdTAC1 are identified in apple; the regulation of apple branch angle by MdTAC1 is still unclear. In this study, a subcellular localization analysis detected MdTAC1a in the nucleus and cell membrane, but MdTAC1b was detected in the cell membrane. Transgenic tobacco by overexpression of MdTAC1a or MdTAC1b showed enlarged leaf angles, the upregulation of several genes, such as GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox), and a sensitive response to light and gravity. According to a qRT-PCR analysis, MdTAC1a and MdTAC1b were strongly expressed in shoot tips and vegetative buds of weeping cultivars but were weakly expressed in columnar cultivars. In the MdTAC1a promoter, there were losses of 2 bp in spur cultivars and 6 bp in weeping cultivar compared with standard and columnar cultivars. An InDel marker specific to the MdTAC1a promoter was developed to distinguish apple cultivars and F(1) progeny. We identified a protein, MdSRC2, that interacts with MdTAC1a, whose encoding gene which was highly expressed in trees with large branch angles. Our results indicate that differences in the MdTAC1a promoter are major contributors to branch-angle variation in apple, and the MdTAC1a interacts with MdSRC2 to affect this trait.
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spelling pubmed-88368882022-02-12 Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) Li, Yongzhou Tan, Xu Guo, Jing Hu, Enyue Pan, Qi Zhao, Yuan Chu, Yu Zhu, Yuandi Int J Mol Sci Article The Tiller Angle Control 1 (TAC1) gene belongs to the IGT family, which mainly controls plant branch angle, thereby affecting plant form. Two members of MdTAC1 are identified in apple; the regulation of apple branch angle by MdTAC1 is still unclear. In this study, a subcellular localization analysis detected MdTAC1a in the nucleus and cell membrane, but MdTAC1b was detected in the cell membrane. Transgenic tobacco by overexpression of MdTAC1a or MdTAC1b showed enlarged leaf angles, the upregulation of several genes, such as GA 2-oxidase (GA2ox), and a sensitive response to light and gravity. According to a qRT-PCR analysis, MdTAC1a and MdTAC1b were strongly expressed in shoot tips and vegetative buds of weeping cultivars but were weakly expressed in columnar cultivars. In the MdTAC1a promoter, there were losses of 2 bp in spur cultivars and 6 bp in weeping cultivar compared with standard and columnar cultivars. An InDel marker specific to the MdTAC1a promoter was developed to distinguish apple cultivars and F(1) progeny. We identified a protein, MdSRC2, that interacts with MdTAC1a, whose encoding gene which was highly expressed in trees with large branch angles. Our results indicate that differences in the MdTAC1a promoter are major contributors to branch-angle variation in apple, and the MdTAC1a interacts with MdSRC2 to affect this trait. MDPI 2022-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8836888/ /pubmed/35163793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031870 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Yongzhou
Tan, Xu
Guo, Jing
Hu, Enyue
Pan, Qi
Zhao, Yuan
Chu, Yu
Zhu, Yuandi
Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
title Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
title_full Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
title_fullStr Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
title_full_unstemmed Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
title_short Functional Characterization of MdTAC1a Gene Related to Branch Angle in Apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
title_sort functional characterization of mdtac1a gene related to branch angle in apple (malus x domestica borkh.)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8836888/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163793
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031870
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