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Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing

Federal rule changes governing natural gas pipelines have made non-destructive techniques, such as instrumented indentation testing (IIT), an attractive alternative to destructive tests for verifying properties of steel pipeline segments that lack traceable records. Ongoing work from Pacific Gas and...

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Autores principales: Scales, Martin, Anderson, Joel, Kornuta, Jeffrey A., Switzner, Nathan, Gonzalez, Ramon, Veloo, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8837087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160778
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030832
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author Scales, Martin
Anderson, Joel
Kornuta, Jeffrey A.
Switzner, Nathan
Gonzalez, Ramon
Veloo, Peter
author_facet Scales, Martin
Anderson, Joel
Kornuta, Jeffrey A.
Switzner, Nathan
Gonzalez, Ramon
Veloo, Peter
author_sort Scales, Martin
collection PubMed
description Federal rule changes governing natural gas pipelines have made non-destructive techniques, such as instrumented indentation testing (IIT), an attractive alternative to destructive tests for verifying properties of steel pipeline segments that lack traceable records. Ongoing work from Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s (PG&E) materials verification program indicates that IIT measurements may be enhanced by incorporating chemical composition data. This paper presents data from PG&E’s large-scale IIT program that demonstrates the predictive capabilities of IIT and chemical composition data, with particular emphasis given to differences between ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). For this study, over 80 segments of line pipe were evaluated through tensile testing, IIT, and compositional testing by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laboratory combustion. IIT measurements of UTS were, generally, in better agreement with destructive tensile data than YS and exhibited about half as much variability as YS measurements on the same sample. The root-mean squared error for IIT measurements of UTS and YS, respectively, were 27 MPa (3.9 ksi) and 43 MPa (6.2 ksi). Next, a machine learning model was trained to estimate YS and UTS by combining IIT with chemical composition data. The agreement between the model’s estimated UTS and tensile UTS values was only slightly better than the IIT-only measurements, with an RMSE of 21 MPa (3.1 ksi). However, the YS estimates showed much greater improvement with an improved RMSE of 27 MPa (3.9 ksi). The experimental, mechanical, and metallurgical factors that contributed to IIT’s ability to consistently determine destructive UTS, and the differences in its interaction with composition as compared to YS, are discussed herein.
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spelling pubmed-88370872022-02-12 Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing Scales, Martin Anderson, Joel Kornuta, Jeffrey A. Switzner, Nathan Gonzalez, Ramon Veloo, Peter Materials (Basel) Article Federal rule changes governing natural gas pipelines have made non-destructive techniques, such as instrumented indentation testing (IIT), an attractive alternative to destructive tests for verifying properties of steel pipeline segments that lack traceable records. Ongoing work from Pacific Gas and Electric Company’s (PG&E) materials verification program indicates that IIT measurements may be enhanced by incorporating chemical composition data. This paper presents data from PG&E’s large-scale IIT program that demonstrates the predictive capabilities of IIT and chemical composition data, with particular emphasis given to differences between ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS). For this study, over 80 segments of line pipe were evaluated through tensile testing, IIT, and compositional testing by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and laboratory combustion. IIT measurements of UTS were, generally, in better agreement with destructive tensile data than YS and exhibited about half as much variability as YS measurements on the same sample. The root-mean squared error for IIT measurements of UTS and YS, respectively, were 27 MPa (3.9 ksi) and 43 MPa (6.2 ksi). Next, a machine learning model was trained to estimate YS and UTS by combining IIT with chemical composition data. The agreement between the model’s estimated UTS and tensile UTS values was only slightly better than the IIT-only measurements, with an RMSE of 21 MPa (3.1 ksi). However, the YS estimates showed much greater improvement with an improved RMSE of 27 MPa (3.9 ksi). The experimental, mechanical, and metallurgical factors that contributed to IIT’s ability to consistently determine destructive UTS, and the differences in its interaction with composition as compared to YS, are discussed herein. MDPI 2022-01-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8837087/ /pubmed/35160778 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030832 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Scales, Martin
Anderson, Joel
Kornuta, Jeffrey A.
Switzner, Nathan
Gonzalez, Ramon
Veloo, Peter
Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing
title Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing
title_full Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing
title_fullStr Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing
title_full_unstemmed Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing
title_short Accurate Estimation of Yield Strength and Ultimate Tensile Strength through Instrumented Indentation Testing and Chemical Composition Testing
title_sort accurate estimation of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength through instrumented indentation testing and chemical composition testing
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8837087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160778
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030832
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