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Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets

Gallium-based liquid metal (GaLM) alloys have been extensively used in applications ranging from electronics to drug delivery systems. To broaden the understanding and applications of GaLMs, this paper discusses the interfacial behavior of eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal (EGaIn) droplets in var...

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Autores principales: Kim, Ji-Hye, Park, Ye-Jin, Kim, Sooyoung, So, Ju-Hee, Koo, Hyung-Jun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8837161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160654
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030706
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author Kim, Ji-Hye
Park, Ye-Jin
Kim, Sooyoung
So, Ju-Hee
Koo, Hyung-Jun
author_facet Kim, Ji-Hye
Park, Ye-Jin
Kim, Sooyoung
So, Ju-Hee
Koo, Hyung-Jun
author_sort Kim, Ji-Hye
collection PubMed
description Gallium-based liquid metal (GaLM) alloys have been extensively used in applications ranging from electronics to drug delivery systems. To broaden the understanding and applications of GaLMs, this paper discusses the interfacial behavior of eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal (EGaIn) droplets in various solvents. No significant difference in contact angles of EGaIn is observed regardless of the solvent types. However, the presence or absence of a conical tip on EGaIn droplets after dispensing could indirectly support that the interfacial energy of EGaIn is relatively low in non-polar solvents. Furthermore, in the impact experiments, the EGaIn droplet bounces off in the polar solvents of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), whereas it spreads and adheres to the substrate in the non-polar solvents of hexane and benzene. Based on the dimensionless We number, it can be stated that the different impact behavior depending on the solvent types is closely related to the interfacial energy of EGaIn in each solvent. Finally, the contact angles and shapes of EGaIn droplets in aqueous buffer solutions with different pH values (4, 7, and 10) are compared. In the pH 10 buffer solution, the EGaIn droplet forms a spherical shape without the conical tip, representing the high surface energy. This is associated with the dissolution of the “interfacial energy-reducing” surface layer on EGaIn, which is supported by the enhanced concentration of gallium ion released from EGaIn in the buffer solution.
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spelling pubmed-88371612022-02-12 Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Ye-Jin Kim, Sooyoung So, Ju-Hee Koo, Hyung-Jun Materials (Basel) Article Gallium-based liquid metal (GaLM) alloys have been extensively used in applications ranging from electronics to drug delivery systems. To broaden the understanding and applications of GaLMs, this paper discusses the interfacial behavior of eutectic gallium-indium liquid metal (EGaIn) droplets in various solvents. No significant difference in contact angles of EGaIn is observed regardless of the solvent types. However, the presence or absence of a conical tip on EGaIn droplets after dispensing could indirectly support that the interfacial energy of EGaIn is relatively low in non-polar solvents. Furthermore, in the impact experiments, the EGaIn droplet bounces off in the polar solvents of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), whereas it spreads and adheres to the substrate in the non-polar solvents of hexane and benzene. Based on the dimensionless We number, it can be stated that the different impact behavior depending on the solvent types is closely related to the interfacial energy of EGaIn in each solvent. Finally, the contact angles and shapes of EGaIn droplets in aqueous buffer solutions with different pH values (4, 7, and 10) are compared. In the pH 10 buffer solution, the EGaIn droplet forms a spherical shape without the conical tip, representing the high surface energy. This is associated with the dissolution of the “interfacial energy-reducing” surface layer on EGaIn, which is supported by the enhanced concentration of gallium ion released from EGaIn in the buffer solution. MDPI 2022-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8837161/ /pubmed/35160654 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030706 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kim, Ji-Hye
Park, Ye-Jin
Kim, Sooyoung
So, Ju-Hee
Koo, Hyung-Jun
Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
title Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
title_full Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
title_fullStr Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
title_short Effect of Surrounding Solvents on Interfacial Behavior of Gallium-Based Liquid Metal Droplets
title_sort effect of surrounding solvents on interfacial behavior of gallium-based liquid metal droplets
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8837161/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160654
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030706
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