Human Tissue Analysis of Left Atrial Adipose Tissue and Atrial Fibrillation after Cox Maze Procedure

Cardiac adipose tissue is a well-known risk factor for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after radiofrequency catheter ablation, but its correlation with maze surgery remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the recurrence of AF and the adipose component of the left atrium (LA) in patients who underwent a modified Cox maze (CM) III procedure. We reviewed the pathology data of resected LA tissues from 115 patients, including the adipose tissue from CM-III procedures. The mean follow-up duration was 30.05 ± 23.96 months. The mean adipose tissue component in the AF recurrence group was 16.17% ± 14.32%, while in the non-recurrence group, it was 9.48% ± 10.79% (p = 0.021), and the cut-off value for the adipose component for AF recurrence was 10% (p = 0.010). The rates of freedom from AF recurrence at 1, 3, and 5 years were 84.8%, 68.8%, and 38.6%, respectively, in the high-adipose group (≥10%), and 96.3%, 89.7%, and 80.3%, respectively, in the low-adipose group (<10%; p = 0.002). A high adipose component (≥10%) in the LA is a significant risk factor for AF recurrence after CM-III procedures. Thus, it may be necessary to attempt to reduce the perioperative adipose portion of the cardiac tissue using a statin in a randomized study.