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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology
Lignin is an important commercially produced polymeric material. It is used extensively in both industrial and agricultural activities. Recently, it has drawn much attention from the scientific community. It is abundantly present in nature and has significant application in the production of biodegr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838035/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030953 |
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author | Yadav, Virendra Kumar Gupta, Nitin Kumar, Pankaj Dashti, Marjan Ganjali Tirth, Vineet Khan, Samreen Heena Yadav, Krishna Kumar Islam, Saiful Choudhary, Nisha Algahtani, Ali Bera, Sweta Parimita Kim, Do-Hyeon Jeon, Byong-Hun |
author_facet | Yadav, Virendra Kumar Gupta, Nitin Kumar, Pankaj Dashti, Marjan Ganjali Tirth, Vineet Khan, Samreen Heena Yadav, Krishna Kumar Islam, Saiful Choudhary, Nisha Algahtani, Ali Bera, Sweta Parimita Kim, Do-Hyeon Jeon, Byong-Hun |
author_sort | Yadav, Virendra Kumar |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lignin is an important commercially produced polymeric material. It is used extensively in both industrial and agricultural activities. Recently, it has drawn much attention from the scientific community. It is abundantly present in nature and has significant application in the production of biodegradable materials. Its wide usage includes drug delivery, polymers and several forms of emerging lignin nanoparticles. The synthesis of lignin nanoparticles is carried out in a controlled manner. The traditional manufacturing techniques are costly and often toxic and hazardous to the environment. This review article highlights simple, safe, climate-friendly and ecological approaches to the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles. The changeable, complex structure and recalcitrant nature of lignin makes it challenging to degrade. Researchers have discovered a small number of microorganisms that have developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolic pathways to use lignin as a carbon source. These microbes show promising potential for the biodegradation of lignin. The degradation pathways of these microbes are also described, which makes the study of biological synthesis much easier. However, surface modification of lignin nanoparticles is something that is yet to be explored. This review elucidates the recent advances in the biodegradation of lignin in the ecological system. It includes the current approaches, methods for modification, new applications and research for the synthesis of lignin and lignin nanoparticles. Additionally, the intricacy of lignin’s structure, along with its chemical nature, is well-described. This article will help increase the understanding of the utilization of lignin as an economical and alternative-resource material. It will also aid in the minimization of solid waste arising from lignin. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8838035 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88380352022-02-13 Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology Yadav, Virendra Kumar Gupta, Nitin Kumar, Pankaj Dashti, Marjan Ganjali Tirth, Vineet Khan, Samreen Heena Yadav, Krishna Kumar Islam, Saiful Choudhary, Nisha Algahtani, Ali Bera, Sweta Parimita Kim, Do-Hyeon Jeon, Byong-Hun Materials (Basel) Review Lignin is an important commercially produced polymeric material. It is used extensively in both industrial and agricultural activities. Recently, it has drawn much attention from the scientific community. It is abundantly present in nature and has significant application in the production of biodegradable materials. Its wide usage includes drug delivery, polymers and several forms of emerging lignin nanoparticles. The synthesis of lignin nanoparticles is carried out in a controlled manner. The traditional manufacturing techniques are costly and often toxic and hazardous to the environment. This review article highlights simple, safe, climate-friendly and ecological approaches to the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles. The changeable, complex structure and recalcitrant nature of lignin makes it challenging to degrade. Researchers have discovered a small number of microorganisms that have developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolic pathways to use lignin as a carbon source. These microbes show promising potential for the biodegradation of lignin. The degradation pathways of these microbes are also described, which makes the study of biological synthesis much easier. However, surface modification of lignin nanoparticles is something that is yet to be explored. This review elucidates the recent advances in the biodegradation of lignin in the ecological system. It includes the current approaches, methods for modification, new applications and research for the synthesis of lignin and lignin nanoparticles. Additionally, the intricacy of lignin’s structure, along with its chemical nature, is well-described. This article will help increase the understanding of the utilization of lignin as an economical and alternative-resource material. It will also aid in the minimization of solid waste arising from lignin. MDPI 2022-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8838035/ /pubmed/35160893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030953 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yadav, Virendra Kumar Gupta, Nitin Kumar, Pankaj Dashti, Marjan Ganjali Tirth, Vineet Khan, Samreen Heena Yadav, Krishna Kumar Islam, Saiful Choudhary, Nisha Algahtani, Ali Bera, Sweta Parimita Kim, Do-Hyeon Jeon, Byong-Hun Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology |
title | Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology |
title_full | Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology |
title_fullStr | Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology |
title_full_unstemmed | Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology |
title_short | Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology |
title_sort | recent advances in synthesis and degradation of lignin and lignin nanoparticles and their emerging applications in nanotechnology |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838035/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160893 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030953 |
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