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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort

It is unclear whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) alters breast milk composition. We prospectively examined associations of GDM status with concentrations of six potentially bioactive elements (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin) in huma...

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Autores principales: Choi, Yuni, Nagel, Emily M., Kharoud, Harmeet, Johnson, Kelsey E., Gallagher, Tipper, Duncan, Katy, Kharbanda, Elyse O., Fields, David A., Gale, Cheryl A., Jacobs, Katherine, Jacobs, David R., Demerath, Ellen W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838140/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277026
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030667
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author Choi, Yuni
Nagel, Emily M.
Kharoud, Harmeet
Johnson, Kelsey E.
Gallagher, Tipper
Duncan, Katy
Kharbanda, Elyse O.
Fields, David A.
Gale, Cheryl A.
Jacobs, Katherine
Jacobs, David R.
Demerath, Ellen W.
author_facet Choi, Yuni
Nagel, Emily M.
Kharoud, Harmeet
Johnson, Kelsey E.
Gallagher, Tipper
Duncan, Katy
Kharbanda, Elyse O.
Fields, David A.
Gale, Cheryl A.
Jacobs, Katherine
Jacobs, David R.
Demerath, Ellen W.
author_sort Choi, Yuni
collection PubMed
description It is unclear whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) alters breast milk composition. We prospectively examined associations of GDM status with concentrations of six potentially bioactive elements (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin) in human milk. These were measured at both 1 and 3 months postpartum in 189 fully breastfeeding women. Mixed-effects linear regression assessed GDM status-related differences in these milk bioactives, adjusting for demographics, maternal factors, and diet. At 1 and 3 months postpartum, milk CRP was higher (1.46 ± 0.31 ng/mL; p < 0.001 and 1.69 ± 0.31 ng/mL; p < 0.001) in women with GDM than in women without GDM, whereas milk glucose (−5.23 ± 2.22 mg/dL; p = 0.02 and −5.70 ± 2.22; p = 0.01) and milk insulin (−0.38 ± 0.17 μIU/mL; p = 0.03 and −0.53 ± 0.17; p = 0.003) were lower in women with GDM. These significant associations remained similar after additional adjustment for maternal weight status and its changes. No difference was found for milk IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin. There was no evidence of association between these milk bioactive compounds and 1 h non-fasting oral glucose challenge serum glucose in the women without GDM. This prospective study provides evidence that potentially bioactive elements of human milk composition are altered in women with GDM.
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spelling pubmed-88381402022-02-13 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort Choi, Yuni Nagel, Emily M. Kharoud, Harmeet Johnson, Kelsey E. Gallagher, Tipper Duncan, Katy Kharbanda, Elyse O. Fields, David A. Gale, Cheryl A. Jacobs, Katherine Jacobs, David R. Demerath, Ellen W. Nutrients Article It is unclear whether gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) alters breast milk composition. We prospectively examined associations of GDM status with concentrations of six potentially bioactive elements (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin) in human milk. These were measured at both 1 and 3 months postpartum in 189 fully breastfeeding women. Mixed-effects linear regression assessed GDM status-related differences in these milk bioactives, adjusting for demographics, maternal factors, and diet. At 1 and 3 months postpartum, milk CRP was higher (1.46 ± 0.31 ng/mL; p < 0.001 and 1.69 ± 0.31 ng/mL; p < 0.001) in women with GDM than in women without GDM, whereas milk glucose (−5.23 ± 2.22 mg/dL; p = 0.02 and −5.70 ± 2.22; p = 0.01) and milk insulin (−0.38 ± 0.17 μIU/mL; p = 0.03 and −0.53 ± 0.17; p = 0.003) were lower in women with GDM. These significant associations remained similar after additional adjustment for maternal weight status and its changes. No difference was found for milk IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin. There was no evidence of association between these milk bioactive compounds and 1 h non-fasting oral glucose challenge serum glucose in the women without GDM. This prospective study provides evidence that potentially bioactive elements of human milk composition are altered in women with GDM. MDPI 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8838140/ /pubmed/35277026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030667 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Choi, Yuni
Nagel, Emily M.
Kharoud, Harmeet
Johnson, Kelsey E.
Gallagher, Tipper
Duncan, Katy
Kharbanda, Elyse O.
Fields, David A.
Gale, Cheryl A.
Jacobs, Katherine
Jacobs, David R.
Demerath, Ellen W.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort
title Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort
title_full Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort
title_fullStr Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort
title_full_unstemmed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort
title_short Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated with Differences in Human Milk Hormone and Cytokine Concentrations in a Fully Breastfeeding United States Cohort
title_sort gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with differences in human milk hormone and cytokine concentrations in a fully breastfeeding united states cohort
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838140/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277026
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030667
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