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Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements

Mining activities are essential for a population’s development; however, they also produce negative effects such as the production of waste, an impact on flora and water pollution. On the other hand, construction is one of the sectors which is most demanding of raw materials, with one of the main su...

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Autores principales: Suárez-Macías, Jorge, Terrones-Saeta, Juan María, Bernardo-Sánchez, Antonio, Ortiz-Marqués, Almudena, Castañón, Ana Maria, Corpas-Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161021
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031076
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author Suárez-Macías, Jorge
Terrones-Saeta, Juan María
Bernardo-Sánchez, Antonio
Ortiz-Marqués, Almudena
Castañón, Ana Maria
Corpas-Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
author_facet Suárez-Macías, Jorge
Terrones-Saeta, Juan María
Bernardo-Sánchez, Antonio
Ortiz-Marqués, Almudena
Castañón, Ana Maria
Corpas-Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
author_sort Suárez-Macías, Jorge
collection PubMed
description Mining activities are essential for a population’s development; however, they also produce negative effects such as the production of waste, an impact on flora and water pollution. On the other hand, construction is one of the sectors which is most demanding of raw materials, with one of the main such materials being water. For this reason, this research evaluates the feasibility of incorporating water contaminated by mining waste into ceramic materials for bricks. In this way, the use of water is reduced and, on the other hand, the contaminating elements of the mining water are encapsulated in the ceramic matrix. To achieve this, the clay used and the contaminated water were first analysed, then different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of contaminated water. These samples were tested to determine their physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, leachate tests were carried out to determine that the ceramic material created did not cause environmental problems. The test results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics were not influenced by the addition of contaminated water. On the other hand, the leachate tests showed that encapsulation of most of the potentially toxic elements occurred. However, the use of contaminated water as mixing water for ceramics could only be performed up to 60%, as higher percentages would leach impermissible arsenic concentrations. Accordingly, a new way of reusing water contaminated by mining activities is developed in this study, taking advantage of resources, avoiding environmental pollution and creating economic and environmentally friendly end products.
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spelling pubmed-88382682022-02-13 Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements Suárez-Macías, Jorge Terrones-Saeta, Juan María Bernardo-Sánchez, Antonio Ortiz-Marqués, Almudena Castañón, Ana Maria Corpas-Iglesias, Francisco Antonio Materials (Basel) Article Mining activities are essential for a population’s development; however, they also produce negative effects such as the production of waste, an impact on flora and water pollution. On the other hand, construction is one of the sectors which is most demanding of raw materials, with one of the main such materials being water. For this reason, this research evaluates the feasibility of incorporating water contaminated by mining waste into ceramic materials for bricks. In this way, the use of water is reduced and, on the other hand, the contaminating elements of the mining water are encapsulated in the ceramic matrix. To achieve this, the clay used and the contaminated water were first analysed, then different families of samples were conformed with different percentages of contaminated water. These samples were tested to determine their physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, leachate tests were carried out to determine that the ceramic material created did not cause environmental problems. The test results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics were not influenced by the addition of contaminated water. On the other hand, the leachate tests showed that encapsulation of most of the potentially toxic elements occurred. However, the use of contaminated water as mixing water for ceramics could only be performed up to 60%, as higher percentages would leach impermissible arsenic concentrations. Accordingly, a new way of reusing water contaminated by mining activities is developed in this study, taking advantage of resources, avoiding environmental pollution and creating economic and environmentally friendly end products. MDPI 2022-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8838268/ /pubmed/35161021 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031076 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Suárez-Macías, Jorge
Terrones-Saeta, Juan María
Bernardo-Sánchez, Antonio
Ortiz-Marqués, Almudena
Castañón, Ana Maria
Corpas-Iglesias, Francisco Antonio
Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements
title Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements
title_full Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements
title_fullStr Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements
title_full_unstemmed Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements
title_short Reutilisation of Water Contaminated by Mining Waste for the Encapsulation of Potentially Toxic Elements
title_sort reutilisation of water contaminated by mining waste for the encapsulation of potentially toxic elements
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838268/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161021
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031076
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