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Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle

Truffles represent the best known and most expensive edible mushroom. Known as Ascomycetes, they belong to the genus Tuber and live in symbiosis with plant host roots. Due to their extraordinary taste and smell, truffles are sold worldwide for high prices of up to 3000–5000 euros per kilogram (Tuber...

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Autores principales: Kappacher, Christoph, Trübenbacher, Benedikt, Losso, Klemens, Rainer, Matthias, Bonn, Günther K., Huck, Christian W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163862
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030589
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author Kappacher, Christoph
Trübenbacher, Benedikt
Losso, Klemens
Rainer, Matthias
Bonn, Günther K.
Huck, Christian W.
author_facet Kappacher, Christoph
Trübenbacher, Benedikt
Losso, Klemens
Rainer, Matthias
Bonn, Günther K.
Huck, Christian W.
author_sort Kappacher, Christoph
collection PubMed
description Truffles represent the best known and most expensive edible mushroom. Known as Ascomycetes, they belong to the genus Tuber and live in symbiosis with plant host roots. Due to their extraordinary taste and smell, truffles are sold worldwide for high prices of up to 3000–5000 euros per kilogram (Tuber magnatum PICO). Amongst black truffles, the species Tuber melanosporum VITTAD. is highly regarded for its organoleptic properties. Nonetheless, numerous different sorts of black truffle are offered at lower prices, including Tuber aestivum VITTAD., Tuber indicum and Tuber uncinatum, which represent the most frequently consumed types. Because truffles do not differ visually for inexperienced consumers, food fraud is likely to occur. In particular, for the highly prized Tuber melanosporum, which morphologically forms very similar fruiting bodies to those of Tuber indicum, there is a risk of fraud via imported truffles from Asia. In this study, 126 truffle samples belonging to the four mentioned species were investigated by four different NIR instruments, including three miniaturized devices—the Tellspec Enterprise Sensor, the VIAVI solutions MicroNIR 1700 and the Consumer Physics SCiO—working on different technical principles. Three different types of measurement techniques were applied for all instruments (outer shell, rotational device and fruiting body) in order to identify the best results for classification and quality assurance in a non-destructive manner. Results provided differentiation with an accuracy up to 100% for the expensive Tuber melanosporum from Tuber indicum. Classification between Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum could also be achieved with success of 100%. In addition, quality monitoring including discrimination between fresh and frozen/thawed, and prediction of the approximate date of harvesting, was performed. Furthermore, feasibility studies according to the geographical origin of the truffle were attempted. The presented work compares the performance for prediction and quality monitoring of portable vs. benchtop NIR devices and applied measurement techniques in order to be able to present a suitable, accurate, fast, non-destructive and reliable method for consumers.
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spelling pubmed-88384262022-02-13 Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle Kappacher, Christoph Trübenbacher, Benedikt Losso, Klemens Rainer, Matthias Bonn, Günther K. Huck, Christian W. Molecules Article Truffles represent the best known and most expensive edible mushroom. Known as Ascomycetes, they belong to the genus Tuber and live in symbiosis with plant host roots. Due to their extraordinary taste and smell, truffles are sold worldwide for high prices of up to 3000–5000 euros per kilogram (Tuber magnatum PICO). Amongst black truffles, the species Tuber melanosporum VITTAD. is highly regarded for its organoleptic properties. Nonetheless, numerous different sorts of black truffle are offered at lower prices, including Tuber aestivum VITTAD., Tuber indicum and Tuber uncinatum, which represent the most frequently consumed types. Because truffles do not differ visually for inexperienced consumers, food fraud is likely to occur. In particular, for the highly prized Tuber melanosporum, which morphologically forms very similar fruiting bodies to those of Tuber indicum, there is a risk of fraud via imported truffles from Asia. In this study, 126 truffle samples belonging to the four mentioned species were investigated by four different NIR instruments, including three miniaturized devices—the Tellspec Enterprise Sensor, the VIAVI solutions MicroNIR 1700 and the Consumer Physics SCiO—working on different technical principles. Three different types of measurement techniques were applied for all instruments (outer shell, rotational device and fruiting body) in order to identify the best results for classification and quality assurance in a non-destructive manner. Results provided differentiation with an accuracy up to 100% for the expensive Tuber melanosporum from Tuber indicum. Classification between Tuber melanosporum, Tuber indicum, Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum could also be achieved with success of 100%. In addition, quality monitoring including discrimination between fresh and frozen/thawed, and prediction of the approximate date of harvesting, was performed. Furthermore, feasibility studies according to the geographical origin of the truffle were attempted. The presented work compares the performance for prediction and quality monitoring of portable vs. benchtop NIR devices and applied measurement techniques in order to be able to present a suitable, accurate, fast, non-destructive and reliable method for consumers. MDPI 2022-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8838426/ /pubmed/35163862 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030589 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kappacher, Christoph
Trübenbacher, Benedikt
Losso, Klemens
Rainer, Matthias
Bonn, Günther K.
Huck, Christian W.
Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle
title Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle
title_full Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle
title_fullStr Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle
title_full_unstemmed Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle
title_short Portable vs. Benchtop NIR-Sensor Technology for Classification and Quality Evaluation of Black Truffle
title_sort portable vs. benchtop nir-sensor technology for classification and quality evaluation of black truffle
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8838426/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35163862
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030589
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