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Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia

Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important edible fruit crop in Saudi Arabia. Date palm cultivation and productivity are severely affected by various fungal diseases in date palm-producing countries. In recent years, black scorch disease has emerged as a devastating disease affecting d...

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Autores principales: Alhudaib, Khalid A., El-Ganainy, Sherif M., Almaghasla, Mustafa I., Sattar, Muhammad N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161231
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030250
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author Alhudaib, Khalid A.
El-Ganainy, Sherif M.
Almaghasla, Mustafa I.
Sattar, Muhammad N.
author_facet Alhudaib, Khalid A.
El-Ganainy, Sherif M.
Almaghasla, Mustafa I.
Sattar, Muhammad N.
author_sort Alhudaib, Khalid A.
collection PubMed
description Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important edible fruit crop in Saudi Arabia. Date palm cultivation and productivity are severely affected by various fungal diseases in date palm-producing countries. In recent years, black scorch disease has emerged as a devastating disease affecting date palm cultivation in the Arabian Peninsula. In the current survey, leaves and root samples were collected from deteriorated date palm trees showing variable symptoms of neck bending, leaf drying, tissue necrosis, wilting, and mortality of the entire tree in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. During microscopic examination, the fungus isolates growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media produced thick-walled chlamydospores and endoconidia. The morphological characterization confirmed the presence of Thielaviopsis punctulata in the date palm plant samples as the potential agent of black scorch disease. The results were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic dendrograms of partial regions of the ITS, TEF1-α, and β-tubulin genes. The nucleotide sequence comparison showed that the T. punctulata isolates were 99.9–100% identical to each other and to the T. punctulata isolate identified from Iraq-infecting date palm trees. The pathogenicity of the three selected T. punctulata isolates was also confirmed on date palm plants of Khalas cultivar. The morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity results confirmed that T. punctulata causes black scorch disease in symptomatic date palm plants in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, seven commercially available fungicides were also tested for their potential efficacy to control black scorch disease. The in vitro application of the three fungicides Aliette, Score, and Tachigazole reduced the fungal growth zone by 86–100%, respectively, whereas the in vivo studies determined that the fungicides Aliette and Score significantly impeded the mycelial progression of T. punctulata with 40% and 73% efficiency, respectively. These fungicides can be used in integrated disease management (IDM) strategies to curb black scorch disease.
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spelling pubmed-88390112022-02-13 Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia Alhudaib, Khalid A. El-Ganainy, Sherif M. Almaghasla, Mustafa I. Sattar, Muhammad N. Plants (Basel) Article Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the most important edible fruit crop in Saudi Arabia. Date palm cultivation and productivity are severely affected by various fungal diseases in date palm-producing countries. In recent years, black scorch disease has emerged as a devastating disease affecting date palm cultivation in the Arabian Peninsula. In the current survey, leaves and root samples were collected from deteriorated date palm trees showing variable symptoms of neck bending, leaf drying, tissue necrosis, wilting, and mortality of the entire tree in the Al-Ahsa region of Saudi Arabia. During microscopic examination, the fungus isolates growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media produced thick-walled chlamydospores and endoconidia. The morphological characterization confirmed the presence of Thielaviopsis punctulata in the date palm plant samples as the potential agent of black scorch disease. The results were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing, and phylogenetic dendrograms of partial regions of the ITS, TEF1-α, and β-tubulin genes. The nucleotide sequence comparison showed that the T. punctulata isolates were 99.9–100% identical to each other and to the T. punctulata isolate identified from Iraq-infecting date palm trees. The pathogenicity of the three selected T. punctulata isolates was also confirmed on date palm plants of Khalas cultivar. The morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity results confirmed that T. punctulata causes black scorch disease in symptomatic date palm plants in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, seven commercially available fungicides were also tested for their potential efficacy to control black scorch disease. The in vitro application of the three fungicides Aliette, Score, and Tachigazole reduced the fungal growth zone by 86–100%, respectively, whereas the in vivo studies determined that the fungicides Aliette and Score significantly impeded the mycelial progression of T. punctulata with 40% and 73% efficiency, respectively. These fungicides can be used in integrated disease management (IDM) strategies to curb black scorch disease. MDPI 2022-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8839011/ /pubmed/35161231 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030250 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alhudaib, Khalid A.
El-Ganainy, Sherif M.
Almaghasla, Mustafa I.
Sattar, Muhammad N.
Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia
title Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia
title_full Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia
title_short Characterization and Control of Thielaviopsis punctulata on Date Palm in Saudi Arabia
title_sort characterization and control of thielaviopsis punctulata on date palm in saudi arabia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161231
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030250
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