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Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia

Unavoidably, magnetic particle hyperthermia is limited by the unwanted heating of the neighboring healthy tissues, due to the generation of eddy currents. Eddy currents naturally occur, due to the applied alternating magnetic field, which is used to excite the nanoparticles in the tumor and, therefo...

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Autores principales: Pefanis, Gerasimos, Maniotis, Nikolaos, Tsiapla, Aikaterini-Rafailia, Makridis, Antonios, Samaras, Theodoros, Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159900
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030554
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author Pefanis, Gerasimos
Maniotis, Nikolaos
Tsiapla, Aikaterini-Rafailia
Makridis, Antonios
Samaras, Theodoros
Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
author_facet Pefanis, Gerasimos
Maniotis, Nikolaos
Tsiapla, Aikaterini-Rafailia
Makridis, Antonios
Samaras, Theodoros
Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
author_sort Pefanis, Gerasimos
collection PubMed
description Unavoidably, magnetic particle hyperthermia is limited by the unwanted heating of the neighboring healthy tissues, due to the generation of eddy currents. Eddy currents naturally occur, due to the applied alternating magnetic field, which is used to excite the nanoparticles in the tumor and, therefore, restrict treatment efficiency in clinical application. In this work, we present two simply applicable methods for reducing the heating of healthy tissues by simultaneously keeping the heating of cancer tissue, due to magnetic nanoparticles, at an adequate level. The first method involves moving the induction coil relative to the phantom tissue during the exposure. More specifically, the coil is moving symmetrically—left and right relative to the specimen—in a bidirectional fashion. In this case, the impact of the maximum distance (2–8 cm) between the coil and the phantom is investigated. In the second method, the magnetic field is applied intermittently (in an ON/OFF pulsed mode), instead of the continuous field mode usually employed. The parameters of the intermittent field mode, such as the time intervals (ON time and OFF time) and field amplitude, are optimized based on the numerical assessment of temperature increase in healthy tissue and cancer tissue phantoms. Different ON and OFF times were tested in the range of 25–100 s and 50–200 s, respectively, and under variable field amplitudes (45–70 mT). In all the protocols studied here, the main goal is to generate inside the cancer tissue phantom the maximum temperature increase, possible (preferably within the magnetic hyperthermia window of 4–8 °C), while restricting the temperature increase in the healthy tissue phantom to below 4 °C, signifying eddy current mitigation.
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spelling pubmed-88390682022-02-13 Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia Pefanis, Gerasimos Maniotis, Nikolaos Tsiapla, Aikaterini-Rafailia Makridis, Antonios Samaras, Theodoros Angelakeris, Mavroeidis Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Unavoidably, magnetic particle hyperthermia is limited by the unwanted heating of the neighboring healthy tissues, due to the generation of eddy currents. Eddy currents naturally occur, due to the applied alternating magnetic field, which is used to excite the nanoparticles in the tumor and, therefore, restrict treatment efficiency in clinical application. In this work, we present two simply applicable methods for reducing the heating of healthy tissues by simultaneously keeping the heating of cancer tissue, due to magnetic nanoparticles, at an adequate level. The first method involves moving the induction coil relative to the phantom tissue during the exposure. More specifically, the coil is moving symmetrically—left and right relative to the specimen—in a bidirectional fashion. In this case, the impact of the maximum distance (2–8 cm) between the coil and the phantom is investigated. In the second method, the magnetic field is applied intermittently (in an ON/OFF pulsed mode), instead of the continuous field mode usually employed. The parameters of the intermittent field mode, such as the time intervals (ON time and OFF time) and field amplitude, are optimized based on the numerical assessment of temperature increase in healthy tissue and cancer tissue phantoms. Different ON and OFF times were tested in the range of 25–100 s and 50–200 s, respectively, and under variable field amplitudes (45–70 mT). In all the protocols studied here, the main goal is to generate inside the cancer tissue phantom the maximum temperature increase, possible (preferably within the magnetic hyperthermia window of 4–8 °C), while restricting the temperature increase in the healthy tissue phantom to below 4 °C, signifying eddy current mitigation. MDPI 2022-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8839068/ /pubmed/35159900 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030554 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pefanis, Gerasimos
Maniotis, Nikolaos
Tsiapla, Aikaterini-Rafailia
Makridis, Antonios
Samaras, Theodoros
Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
title Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
title_full Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
title_fullStr Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
title_full_unstemmed Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
title_short Numerical Simulation of Temperature Variations during the Application of Safety Protocols in Magnetic Particle Hyperthermia
title_sort numerical simulation of temperature variations during the application of safety protocols in magnetic particle hyperthermia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839068/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35159900
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030554
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