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Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective

This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring during a 72 h fa...

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Autores principales: Dote-Montero, Manuel, Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo, Ravussin, Eric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35276847
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030489
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author Dote-Montero, Manuel
Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo
Ravussin, Eric
author_facet Dote-Montero, Manuel
Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo
Ravussin, Eric
author_sort Dote-Montero, Manuel
collection PubMed
description This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring during a 72 h fast. We then discuss studies investigating the effects of IF on cardiometabolic health, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Finally, we discuss how IF may be optimized by combining it with exercise. In general, IF regimens improve body composition, ectopic fat, and classic cardiometabolic risk factors, as compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolically unhealthy participants. However, it is still unclear whether IF provides additional cardiometabolic benefits as compared to continuous daily caloric restriction (CR). Most studies found no additional benefits, yet some preliminary data suggest that IF regimens may provide cardiometabolic benefits in the absence of weight loss. Finally, although IF and continuous daily CR appear to induce similar changes in energy expenditure, IF regimens may differentially affect substrate oxidation, increasing protein and fat oxidation. Future tightly controlled studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of IF and its role in cardiometabolic health and energy metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-88391602022-02-13 Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective Dote-Montero, Manuel Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo Ravussin, Eric Nutrients Review This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring during a 72 h fast. We then discuss studies investigating the effects of IF on cardiometabolic health, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Finally, we discuss how IF may be optimized by combining it with exercise. In general, IF regimens improve body composition, ectopic fat, and classic cardiometabolic risk factors, as compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolically unhealthy participants. However, it is still unclear whether IF provides additional cardiometabolic benefits as compared to continuous daily caloric restriction (CR). Most studies found no additional benefits, yet some preliminary data suggest that IF regimens may provide cardiometabolic benefits in the absence of weight loss. Finally, although IF and continuous daily CR appear to induce similar changes in energy expenditure, IF regimens may differentially affect substrate oxidation, increasing protein and fat oxidation. Future tightly controlled studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of IF and its role in cardiometabolic health and energy metabolism. MDPI 2022-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8839160/ /pubmed/35276847 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030489 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dote-Montero, Manuel
Sanchez-Delgado, Guillermo
Ravussin, Eric
Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
title Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
title_full Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
title_fullStr Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
title_short Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective
title_sort effects of intermittent fasting on cardiometabolic health: an energy metabolism perspective
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839160/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35276847
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030489
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