Cargando…
Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts
The species of the Quercus genus, including Quercus cerris L., are widely used and their wood represents a valuable material utilized for various purposes. The intense industrial processing of wood results in a considerable amount of poorly-used natural by-products, such as bark, and a loss of poten...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839461/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030240 |
_version_ | 1784650375248216064 |
---|---|
author | Nisca, Adrian Ștefănescu, Ruxandra Moldovan, Cadmiel Mocan, Andrei Mare, Anca Delia Ciurea, Cristina Nicoleta Man, Adrian Muntean, Daniela-Lucia Tanase, Corneliu |
author_facet | Nisca, Adrian Ștefănescu, Ruxandra Moldovan, Cadmiel Mocan, Andrei Mare, Anca Delia Ciurea, Cristina Nicoleta Man, Adrian Muntean, Daniela-Lucia Tanase, Corneliu |
author_sort | Nisca, Adrian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The species of the Quercus genus, including Quercus cerris L., are widely used and their wood represents a valuable material utilized for various purposes. The intense industrial processing of wood results in a considerable amount of poorly-used natural by-products, such as bark, and a loss of potentially useful raw materials. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics and potential biological activities of Quercus cerris bark extracts obtained by optimizing the parameters of microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The optimum conditions for MAE were determined using a design of experiments (DoE) model, which set the experimental variables (irradiation time and microwave power) and their values. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extractions were performed and the optimum parameters of extraction were determined for both solvents. The total polyphenolic and tannin contents were determined. The biological activities representative of antioxidant capacity were determined using two free radical scavenging methods, the DPPH and ABTS methods, and the antibacterial activity was assessed with the microdilution method. The results showed different optimal extraction conditions for aqueous (30 min at 850 W) and hydroalcoholic (18 min at 650 W) extracts. A higher yield of total polyphenols was observed in the hydroalcoholic bark extract (403.73 ± 7.35 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried weight); however a lower level of tannins was registered in comparison to the aqueous extract. In addition, both extracts exerted high antioxidant activities, with the aqueous extracts having a stronger inhibitory effect against the DPPH radical. Moreover, the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, especially against the Gram-positive strains and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the hydroalcoholic extracts being more efficient overall. To conclude, the optimized MAE was an efficient method to extract phytochemical compounds with potential biological effects from Quercus cerris bark. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8839461 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88394612022-02-13 Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts Nisca, Adrian Ștefănescu, Ruxandra Moldovan, Cadmiel Mocan, Andrei Mare, Anca Delia Ciurea, Cristina Nicoleta Man, Adrian Muntean, Daniela-Lucia Tanase, Corneliu Plants (Basel) Article The species of the Quercus genus, including Quercus cerris L., are widely used and their wood represents a valuable material utilized for various purposes. The intense industrial processing of wood results in a considerable amount of poorly-used natural by-products, such as bark, and a loss of potentially useful raw materials. Thus, the aim of our study was to evaluate the phytochemical characteristics and potential biological activities of Quercus cerris bark extracts obtained by optimizing the parameters of microwave assisted extraction (MAE). The optimum conditions for MAE were determined using a design of experiments (DoE) model, which set the experimental variables (irradiation time and microwave power) and their values. Aqueous and hydroalcoholic extractions were performed and the optimum parameters of extraction were determined for both solvents. The total polyphenolic and tannin contents were determined. The biological activities representative of antioxidant capacity were determined using two free radical scavenging methods, the DPPH and ABTS methods, and the antibacterial activity was assessed with the microdilution method. The results showed different optimal extraction conditions for aqueous (30 min at 850 W) and hydroalcoholic (18 min at 650 W) extracts. A higher yield of total polyphenols was observed in the hydroalcoholic bark extract (403.73 ± 7.35 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dried weight); however a lower level of tannins was registered in comparison to the aqueous extract. In addition, both extracts exerted high antioxidant activities, with the aqueous extracts having a stronger inhibitory effect against the DPPH radical. Moreover, the extracts exhibited antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial strains, especially against the Gram-positive strains and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the hydroalcoholic extracts being more efficient overall. To conclude, the optimized MAE was an efficient method to extract phytochemical compounds with potential biological effects from Quercus cerris bark. MDPI 2022-01-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8839461/ /pubmed/35161221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030240 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Nisca, Adrian Ștefănescu, Ruxandra Moldovan, Cadmiel Mocan, Andrei Mare, Anca Delia Ciurea, Cristina Nicoleta Man, Adrian Muntean, Daniela-Lucia Tanase, Corneliu Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts |
title | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts |
title_full | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts |
title_fullStr | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts |
title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts |
title_short | Optimization of Microwave Assisted Extraction Conditions to Improve Phenolic Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Microbial Activity in Quercus cerris Bark Extracts |
title_sort | optimization of microwave assisted extraction conditions to improve phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant and anti-microbial activity in quercus cerris bark extracts |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8839461/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030240 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT niscaadrian optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT stefanescuruxandra optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT moldovancadmiel optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT mocanandrei optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT mareancadelia optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT ciureacristinanicoleta optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT manadrian optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT munteandanielalucia optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts AT tanasecorneliu optimizationofmicrowaveassistedextractionconditionstoimprovephenoliccontentandinvitroantioxidantandantimicrobialactivityinquercuscerrisbarkextracts |