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Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. However, the causal association between SAH and atherosclerosis is still uncertain. In the present study, heterozygous SAH hydrolase (SAHH(+/−)) knockout mice were bred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277077 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030718 |
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author | Dai, Xin Liu, Si Cheng, Lokyu Huang, Ting Guo, Honghui Wang, Dongliang Xia, Min Ling, Wenhua Xiao, Yunjun |
author_facet | Dai, Xin Liu, Si Cheng, Lokyu Huang, Ting Guo, Honghui Wang, Dongliang Xia, Min Ling, Wenhua Xiao, Yunjun |
author_sort | Dai, Xin |
collection | PubMed |
description | S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. However, the causal association between SAH and atherosclerosis is still uncertain. In the present study, heterozygous SAH hydrolase (SAHH(+/−)) knockout mice were bred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to produce ApoE(−/−)/SAHH(+/−) mice. At 8 weeks of age, these mice were fed on AIN-93G diets added with or without betaine (4 g betaine/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Compared with ApoE(−/−)/SAHH(WT) mice, SAHH deficiency caused an accumulation of plasma SAH concentration and a decrease in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/SAH ratio as well as plasma homocysteine levels. Betaine supplementation lowered SAH levels and increased SAM/SAH ratio and homocysteine levels in ApoE(−/−)/SAHH(+/−) mice. Furthermore, SAHH deficiency promoted the development of atherosclerosis, which was reduced by betaine supplementation. The atheroprotective effects of betaine on SAHH-deficiency-promoted atherosclerosis were associated with inhibition of NFκB inflammation signaling pathway and inhibition of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that betaine supplementation lowered plasma SAH levels and protected against SAHH-deficiency-promoted atherosclerosis through repressing inflammation and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8840105 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88401052022-02-13 Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Dai, Xin Liu, Si Cheng, Lokyu Huang, Ting Guo, Honghui Wang, Dongliang Xia, Min Ling, Wenhua Xiao, Yunjun Nutrients Article S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) is a risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. However, the causal association between SAH and atherosclerosis is still uncertain. In the present study, heterozygous SAH hydrolase (SAHH(+/−)) knockout mice were bred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice to produce ApoE(−/−)/SAHH(+/−) mice. At 8 weeks of age, these mice were fed on AIN-93G diets added with or without betaine (4 g betaine/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Compared with ApoE(−/−)/SAHH(WT) mice, SAHH deficiency caused an accumulation of plasma SAH concentration and a decrease in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/SAH ratio as well as plasma homocysteine levels. Betaine supplementation lowered SAH levels and increased SAM/SAH ratio and homocysteine levels in ApoE(−/−)/SAHH(+/−) mice. Furthermore, SAHH deficiency promoted the development of atherosclerosis, which was reduced by betaine supplementation. The atheroprotective effects of betaine on SAHH-deficiency-promoted atherosclerosis were associated with inhibition of NFκB inflammation signaling pathway and inhibition of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that betaine supplementation lowered plasma SAH levels and protected against SAHH-deficiency-promoted atherosclerosis through repressing inflammation and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. MDPI 2022-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8840105/ /pubmed/35277077 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030718 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Dai, Xin Liu, Si Cheng, Lokyu Huang, Ting Guo, Honghui Wang, Dongliang Xia, Min Ling, Wenhua Xiao, Yunjun Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice |
title | Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice |
title_full | Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice |
title_fullStr | Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice |
title_short | Betaine Supplementation Attenuates S-Adenosylhomocysteine Hydrolase-Deficiency-Accelerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice |
title_sort | betaine supplementation attenuates s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-deficiency-accelerated atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277077 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030718 |
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