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Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation

All living cells generate structurally complex and compositionally diverse spectra of glycans and glycoconjugates, critical for organismal evolution, development, functioning, defense, and survival. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the glycosylation reaction between activated sugar and acceptor s...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zhang, Ning, Zabotina, Olga A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030428
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author Zhang, Ning
Zabotina, Olga A.
author_facet Zhang, Ning
Zabotina, Olga A.
author_sort Zhang, Ning
collection PubMed
description All living cells generate structurally complex and compositionally diverse spectra of glycans and glycoconjugates, critical for organismal evolution, development, functioning, defense, and survival. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the glycosylation reaction between activated sugar and acceptor substrate to synthesize a wide variety of glycans. GTs are distributed among more than 130 gene families and are involved in metabolic processes, signal pathways, cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, cell development, and growth. Glycosylation mainly takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi, where GTs and glycosidases involved in this process are distributed to different locations of these compartments and sequentially add or cleave various sugars to synthesize the final products of glycosylation. Therefore, delivery of these enzymes to the proper locations, the glycosylation sites, in the cell is essential and involves numerous secretory pathway components. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of protein trafficking between ER and Golgi. It describes what is known about the primary components of protein sorting machinery and trafficking, which are recognition sites on the proteins that are important for their interaction with the critical components of this machinery.
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spelling pubmed-88401642022-02-13 Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation Zhang, Ning Zabotina, Olga A. Plants (Basel) Review All living cells generate structurally complex and compositionally diverse spectra of glycans and glycoconjugates, critical for organismal evolution, development, functioning, defense, and survival. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) catalyze the glycosylation reaction between activated sugar and acceptor substrate to synthesize a wide variety of glycans. GTs are distributed among more than 130 gene families and are involved in metabolic processes, signal pathways, cell wall polysaccharide biosynthesis, cell development, and growth. Glycosylation mainly takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi, where GTs and glycosidases involved in this process are distributed to different locations of these compartments and sequentially add or cleave various sugars to synthesize the final products of glycosylation. Therefore, delivery of these enzymes to the proper locations, the glycosylation sites, in the cell is essential and involves numerous secretory pathway components. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of protein trafficking between ER and Golgi. It describes what is known about the primary components of protein sorting machinery and trafficking, which are recognition sites on the proteins that are important for their interaction with the critical components of this machinery. MDPI 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8840164/ /pubmed/35161411 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030428 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zhang, Ning
Zabotina, Olga A.
Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation
title Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation
title_full Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation
title_fullStr Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation
title_full_unstemmed Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation
title_short Critical Determinants in ER-Golgi Trafficking of Enzymes Involved in Glycosylation
title_sort critical determinants in er-golgi trafficking of enzymes involved in glycosylation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840164/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35161411
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11030428
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