MoO(3) Nanoparticle Coatings on High-Voltage 5 V LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) Cathode Materials for Improving Lithium-Ion Battery Performance

To reduce surface contamination and increase battery life, MoO(3) nanoparticles were coated with a high-voltage (5 V) LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) cathode material by in-situ method during the high-temperature annealing process. To avoid charging by more than 5 V, we also developed a system based on anode-limited full-cell with a negative/positive electrode (N/P) ratio of 0.9. The pristine LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) was initially prepared by high-energy ball-mill with a solid-state reaction, followed by a precipitation reaction with a molybdenum precursor for the MoO(3) coating. The typical structural and electrochemical behaviors of the materials were clearly investigated and reported. The results revealed that a sample of 2 wt.% MoO(3)-coated LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) electrode exhibited an optimal electrochemical activity, indicating that the MoO(3) nanoparticle coating layers considerably enhanced the high-rate charge–discharge profiles and cycle life performance of LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) with a negligible capacity decay. The 2 wt.% MoO(3)-coated LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) electrode could achieve high specific discharge capacities of 131 and 124 mAh g(−1) at the rates of 1 and 10 C, respectively. In particular, the 2 wt.% MoO(3)-coated LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) electrode retained its specific capacity (87 mAh g(−1)) of 80.1% after 500 cycles at a rate of 10 C. The Li(4)Ti(5)O(12)/LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) full cell based on the electrochemical-cell (EL-cell) configuration was successfully assembled and tested, exhibiting excellent cycling retention of 93.4% at a 1 C rate for 100 cycles. The results suggest that the MoO(3) nano-coating layer could effectively reduce side reactions at the interface of the LiNi(0.5)Mn(1.5)O(4) cathode and the electrolyte, thus improving the electrochemical performance of the battery system.