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Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites

Additively manufactured composite specimens exhibit anisotropic properties, meaning that the elastic response changes with respect to orientation. Both in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties are important for designing purpose. Recent studies have characterised the in-plane performance. In...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Saeed, Khalid, McIlhagger, Alistair, Harkin-Jones, Eileen, McGarrigle, Cormac, Dixon, Dorian, Archer, Edward
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160944
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031002
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author Saeed, Khalid
McIlhagger, Alistair
Harkin-Jones, Eileen
McGarrigle, Cormac
Dixon, Dorian
Archer, Edward
author_facet Saeed, Khalid
McIlhagger, Alistair
Harkin-Jones, Eileen
McGarrigle, Cormac
Dixon, Dorian
Archer, Edward
author_sort Saeed, Khalid
collection PubMed
description Additively manufactured composite specimens exhibit anisotropic properties, meaning that the elastic response changes with respect to orientation. Both in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties are important for designing purpose. Recent studies have characterised the in-plane performance. In this study, however, through-thickness tensile strength of 3D polymer composites were determined by printing of continuous carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyamide-based composite, manufactured using a Markforged Two 3D printer. This paper discusses sample fabrication and geometry, adhesive used, and testing procedure. Test standards used to determine out-of-plane properties are tedious as most of the premature failures occur between the specimens and the tabs. Two types of samples were printed according to ASTM flatwise tension standard and the results were compared to determine the geometry effect on the interlaminar strength. This test method consists of subjecting the printed sample to a uniaxial tensile force normal to the plane. With this method, the acceptable failure modes for tensile strength must be internal to the structure, not between the sample and the end tabs. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was carried out to observe the porosity. Surface behaviour was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see the voids and the distribution of the fibres in the samples. The results showed consistent values for tensile strength and elastic modulus for Araldite glue after initial trials (with some other adhesives) to determine a suitable choice of adhesive for bonding the samples with the tabs. Circular specimens have higher tensile strength and elastic modulus as compared to rectangular specimens.
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spelling pubmed-88402652022-02-13 Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites Saeed, Khalid McIlhagger, Alistair Harkin-Jones, Eileen McGarrigle, Cormac Dixon, Dorian Archer, Edward Materials (Basel) Article Additively manufactured composite specimens exhibit anisotropic properties, meaning that the elastic response changes with respect to orientation. Both in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties are important for designing purpose. Recent studies have characterised the in-plane performance. In this study, however, through-thickness tensile strength of 3D polymer composites were determined by printing of continuous carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyamide-based composite, manufactured using a Markforged Two 3D printer. This paper discusses sample fabrication and geometry, adhesive used, and testing procedure. Test standards used to determine out-of-plane properties are tedious as most of the premature failures occur between the specimens and the tabs. Two types of samples were printed according to ASTM flatwise tension standard and the results were compared to determine the geometry effect on the interlaminar strength. This test method consists of subjecting the printed sample to a uniaxial tensile force normal to the plane. With this method, the acceptable failure modes for tensile strength must be internal to the structure, not between the sample and the end tabs. Micro-computed tomography (µCT) was carried out to observe the porosity. Surface behaviour was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to see the voids and the distribution of the fibres in the samples. The results showed consistent values for tensile strength and elastic modulus for Araldite glue after initial trials (with some other adhesives) to determine a suitable choice of adhesive for bonding the samples with the tabs. Circular specimens have higher tensile strength and elastic modulus as compared to rectangular specimens. MDPI 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8840265/ /pubmed/35160944 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031002 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Saeed, Khalid
McIlhagger, Alistair
Harkin-Jones, Eileen
McGarrigle, Cormac
Dixon, Dorian
Archer, Edward
Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites
title Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites
title_full Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites
title_fullStr Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites
title_full_unstemmed Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites
title_short Elastic Modulus and Flatwise (Through-Thickness) Tensile Strength of Continuous Carbon Fibre Reinforced 3D Printed Polymer Composites
title_sort elastic modulus and flatwise (through-thickness) tensile strength of continuous carbon fibre reinforced 3d printed polymer composites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35160944
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15031002
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