Metastable Kitaev Magnets

Nearly two decades ago, Alexei Kitaev proposed a model for spin- [Formula: see text] particles with bond-directional interactions on a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice which had the potential to host a quantum spin-liquid ground state. This work initiated numerous investigations to design and synthesize materials that would physically realize the Kitaev Hamiltonian. The first generation of such materials, such as Na [Formula: see text] IrO [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text]-Li [Formula: see text] IrO [Formula: see text] , and [Formula: see text]-RuCl [Formula: see text] , revealed the presence of non-Kitaev interactions such as the Heisenberg and off-diagonal exchange. Both physical pressure and chemical doping were used to tune the relative strength of the Kitaev and competing interactions; however, little progress was made towards achieving a purely Kitaev system. Here, we review the recent breakthrough in modifying Kitaev magnets via topochemical methods that has led to the second generation of Kitaev materials. We show how structural modifications due to the topotactic exchange reactions can alter the magnetic interactions in favor of a quantum spin-liquid phase.