Cobalt Minimisation in Violet Co(3)P(2)O(8) Pigment

This study considers the limitations of cobalt violet orthophosphate, Co(3)P(2)O(8), in the ceramic industry due to its large amount of cobalt. Mg(x)Co(3−x)P(2)O(8) (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) solid solutions with the stable Co(3)P(2)O(8) structure were synthesised via the chemical coprecipitation method. The formation of solid solutions between the isostructural Co(3)P(2)O(8) and Mg(3)P(2)O(8) compounds decreased the toxically large amount of cobalt in this inorganic pigment and increased the melting point to a temperature higher than 1200 °C when x ≥ 1.5. Co(3)P(2)O(8) melted at 1160 °C, and compositions with x ≥ 1.5 were stable between 800 and 1200 °C. The substitution of Co(II) with Mg(II) decreased the toxicity of these materials and decreased their price; hence, the interest of these materials for the ceramic industry is greater. An interesting purple colour with a* = 31.6 and b* = −24.2 was obtained from a powdered Mg(2.5)Co(0.5)P(2)O(8) composition fired at 1200 °C. It considerably reduced the amount of cobalt, thus improving the colour of the Co(3)P(2)O(8) pigment (a* = 16.2 and b* = −20.1 at 1000 °C). Co(3)P(2)O(8) is classified as an inorganic pigment (DCMA-8-11-1), and the solid solutions prepared were also inorganic pigments when unglazed. When introducing 3% of the sample (pigment) together with enamel, spreading the mixture on a ceramic support and calcining the whole in an electric oven, a colour change from violet to blue was observed due to the change in the local environment of Co(II), which could be seen in the UVV spectra of the glazed samples with the displacement of the bands towards higher wavelengths and with the appearance of a new band assigned to tetrahedral Co(II). This blue colour was also obtained with Co(2)SiO(4), MgCoSiO(4) or Co(3)P(2)O(8) pigments containing a greater amount of cobalt.