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Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses
Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical constituents have been reported from red ginger. The constituents include vanilloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpene...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840670/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35164040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030775 |
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author | Zhang, Shiming Kou, Xuefang Zhao, Hui Mak, Kit-Kay Balijepalli, Madhu Katyayani Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao |
author_facet | Zhang, Shiming Kou, Xuefang Zhao, Hui Mak, Kit-Kay Balijepalli, Madhu Katyayani Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao |
author_sort | Zhang, Shiming |
collection | PubMed |
description | Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical constituents have been reported from red ginger. The constituents include vanilloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoids, amino acids, etc. Red ginger has many therapeutic roles in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, vomiting, rubella, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, growth disorders, and cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that red ginger exhibits immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. These biological activities are the underlying causes of red ginger’s therapeutic benefits. In addition, there have been few reports on adverse side effects of red ginger. This review aims to provide insights in terms the bioactive constituents and their biosynthesis, biological activities, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of red ginger. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8840670 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88406702022-02-13 Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses Zhang, Shiming Kou, Xuefang Zhao, Hui Mak, Kit-Kay Balijepalli, Madhu Katyayani Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Molecules Review Zingiber officinale var. rubrum (red ginger) is widely used in traditional medicine in Asia. Unlike other gingers, it is not used as a spice in cuisines. To date, a total of 169 chemical constituents have been reported from red ginger. The constituents include vanilloids, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, flavonoids, amino acids, etc. Red ginger has many therapeutic roles in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, vomiting, rubella, atherosclerosis, tuberculosis, growth disorders, and cancer. Scientific evidence suggests that red ginger exhibits immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antihyperuricemic, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. These biological activities are the underlying causes of red ginger’s therapeutic benefits. In addition, there have been few reports on adverse side effects of red ginger. This review aims to provide insights in terms the bioactive constituents and their biosynthesis, biological activities, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and qualitative and quantitative analysis of red ginger. MDPI 2022-01-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8840670/ /pubmed/35164040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030775 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Zhang, Shiming Kou, Xuefang Zhao, Hui Mak, Kit-Kay Balijepalli, Madhu Katyayani Pichika, Mallikarjuna Rao Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses |
title | Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses |
title_full | Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses |
title_fullStr | Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses |
title_full_unstemmed | Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses |
title_short | Zingiber officinale var. rubrum: Red Ginger’s Medicinal Uses |
title_sort | zingiber officinale var. rubrum: red ginger’s medicinal uses |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840670/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35164040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030775 |
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