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Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No consensus currently exists on the appropriate age for the introduction of complementary feeding (CF). In this paper, a systematic review is conducted that investigates the effects of starting CF in breastfed and formula-fed infants at 4, 4–6, or 6 months of age (i) on growth at 12 months of age,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030702 |
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author | Verga, Maria Carmen Scotese, Immacolata Bergamini, Marcello Simeone, Giovanni Cuomo, Barbara D’Antonio, Giuseppe Dello Iacono, Iride Di Mauro, Giuseppe Leonardi, Lucia Miniello, Vito Leonardo Palma, Filomena Tezza, Giovanna Vania, Andrea Caroli, Margherita |
author_facet | Verga, Maria Carmen Scotese, Immacolata Bergamini, Marcello Simeone, Giovanni Cuomo, Barbara D’Antonio, Giuseppe Dello Iacono, Iride Di Mauro, Giuseppe Leonardi, Lucia Miniello, Vito Leonardo Palma, Filomena Tezza, Giovanna Vania, Andrea Caroli, Margherita |
author_sort | Verga, Maria Carmen |
collection | PubMed |
description | No consensus currently exists on the appropriate age for the introduction of complementary feeding (CF). In this paper, a systematic review is conducted that investigates the effects of starting CF in breastfed and formula-fed infants at 4, 4–6, or 6 months of age (i) on growth at 12 months of age, (ii) on the development of overweight/obesity at 3–6 years of age, (iii) on iron status, and (iv) on the risk of developing (later in life) type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension. An extensive literature search identified seven studies that evaluated the effects of the introduction of CF at the ages in question. No statistically significant differences related to the age at which CF is started were observed in breastfed or formula-fed infants in terms of the following: iron status, weight, length, and body mass index Z-scores (zBMI) at 12 months, and development of overweight/obesity at 3 years. No studies were found specifically focused on the age range for CF introduction and risk of DM2 and hypertension. Introducing CF before 6 months in healthy term-born infants living in developed countries is essentially useless, as human milk (HM) and formulas are nutritionally adequate up to 6 months of age. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8840757 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88407572022-02-13 Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Verga, Maria Carmen Scotese, Immacolata Bergamini, Marcello Simeone, Giovanni Cuomo, Barbara D’Antonio, Giuseppe Dello Iacono, Iride Di Mauro, Giuseppe Leonardi, Lucia Miniello, Vito Leonardo Palma, Filomena Tezza, Giovanna Vania, Andrea Caroli, Margherita Nutrients Systematic Review No consensus currently exists on the appropriate age for the introduction of complementary feeding (CF). In this paper, a systematic review is conducted that investigates the effects of starting CF in breastfed and formula-fed infants at 4, 4–6, or 6 months of age (i) on growth at 12 months of age, (ii) on the development of overweight/obesity at 3–6 years of age, (iii) on iron status, and (iv) on the risk of developing (later in life) type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and hypertension. An extensive literature search identified seven studies that evaluated the effects of the introduction of CF at the ages in question. No statistically significant differences related to the age at which CF is started were observed in breastfed or formula-fed infants in terms of the following: iron status, weight, length, and body mass index Z-scores (zBMI) at 12 months, and development of overweight/obesity at 3 years. No studies were found specifically focused on the age range for CF introduction and risk of DM2 and hypertension. Introducing CF before 6 months in healthy term-born infants living in developed countries is essentially useless, as human milk (HM) and formulas are nutritionally adequate up to 6 months of age. MDPI 2022-02-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8840757/ /pubmed/35277061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030702 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Verga, Maria Carmen Scotese, Immacolata Bergamini, Marcello Simeone, Giovanni Cuomo, Barbara D’Antonio, Giuseppe Dello Iacono, Iride Di Mauro, Giuseppe Leonardi, Lucia Miniello, Vito Leonardo Palma, Filomena Tezza, Giovanna Vania, Andrea Caroli, Margherita Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title | Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full | Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_fullStr | Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_full_unstemmed | Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_short | Timing of Complementary Feeding, Growth, and Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
title_sort | timing of complementary feeding, growth, and risk of non-communicable diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8840757/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35277061 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14030702 |
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