Review of Anti-inflammatory and Antiviral Therapeutics for Hospitalized Patients Infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection leads to dysregulation of immune pathways. Therapies focusing on suppressing cytokine activity have some success. Current evidence supports the use of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients requiring oxygen to decrease mortality. Interleukin-6 inhibitors, like tocilizumab and sarilumab, are also beneficial in hypoxemic patients, if used early. Janus kinase inhibition in combination with glucocorticoids is emerging as a potential therapeutic option for patients with moderate to severe symptoms. Data on the role of anakinra, hyperimmune immunoglobulin/convalescent plasma, or plasma purification are limited.