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A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems

We conducted a scoping review of studies on health outcomes from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The objective was to identify, narratively synthesize, assess the strength and quality of evidence and critically appraise studies that have reported disease end points associated with the u...

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Autores principales: Hajat, Cother, Stein, Emma, Shantikumar, Saran, Niaura, Raymond, Ferrara, Pietro, Polosa, Riccardo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34637075
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-021-02835-4
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author Hajat, Cother
Stein, Emma
Shantikumar, Saran
Niaura, Raymond
Ferrara, Pietro
Polosa, Riccardo
author_facet Hajat, Cother
Stein, Emma
Shantikumar, Saran
Niaura, Raymond
Ferrara, Pietro
Polosa, Riccardo
author_sort Hajat, Cother
collection PubMed
description We conducted a scoping review of studies on health outcomes from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The objective was to identify, narratively synthesize, assess the strength and quality of evidence and critically appraise studies that have reported disease end points associated with the use of ENDS. We included published literature on the health impact of ENDS from 01/01/2015 until 01/02/2020 following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. The database search identified 755 studies, and other sources 265; 37 studies met final eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence included 24(65%) cross-sectional, one (2.7%) case–control and six (16%) case studies, four (11%) cohort studies, one (2.7%) randomized controlled trial (RCT) and one (2.7%) meta-analysis; 27(73%) studies reported only on harms, eight (22%) reported on benefits, two (2%) on benefits and harms. Quality ratings were poor in 20 (54%), fair in 9(24%) and good in 8(22%) of studies. In our review, ENDS was not shown to be causative for harmful cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and shown to be beneficial for hypertensive patients. Switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes resulted in reduced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with no evidence of long-term deterioration in lung function. Mental Health, cancer and mortality were not adequately studied to form any consensus. Our review has not demonstrated ENDS to be causative of harmful CVD outcomes; furthermore switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes was associated with improved hypertensive control and reduced exacerbations of COPD, with no evidence of increased asthma risk or long-term respiratory harm. Mental health, cancer and mortality outcomes have not been adequately studied to form a conclusion. Overall, the findings of our review did not provide evidence to counter the consensus held by many that ENDS use is safer than the risks posed from smoking cigarettes.
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spelling pubmed-88413262022-02-23 A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems Hajat, Cother Stein, Emma Shantikumar, Saran Niaura, Raymond Ferrara, Pietro Polosa, Riccardo Intern Emerg Med CE-Systematic reviews and meta-analysis We conducted a scoping review of studies on health outcomes from electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). The objective was to identify, narratively synthesize, assess the strength and quality of evidence and critically appraise studies that have reported disease end points associated with the use of ENDS. We included published literature on the health impact of ENDS from 01/01/2015 until 01/02/2020 following the PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. The database search identified 755 studies, and other sources 265; 37 studies met final eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence included 24(65%) cross-sectional, one (2.7%) case–control and six (16%) case studies, four (11%) cohort studies, one (2.7%) randomized controlled trial (RCT) and one (2.7%) meta-analysis; 27(73%) studies reported only on harms, eight (22%) reported on benefits, two (2%) on benefits and harms. Quality ratings were poor in 20 (54%), fair in 9(24%) and good in 8(22%) of studies. In our review, ENDS was not shown to be causative for harmful cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes and shown to be beneficial for hypertensive patients. Switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes resulted in reduced exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), with no evidence of long-term deterioration in lung function. Mental Health, cancer and mortality were not adequately studied to form any consensus. Our review has not demonstrated ENDS to be causative of harmful CVD outcomes; furthermore switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes was associated with improved hypertensive control and reduced exacerbations of COPD, with no evidence of increased asthma risk or long-term respiratory harm. Mental health, cancer and mortality outcomes have not been adequately studied to form a conclusion. Overall, the findings of our review did not provide evidence to counter the consensus held by many that ENDS use is safer than the risks posed from smoking cigarettes. Springer International Publishing 2021-10-12 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8841326/ /pubmed/34637075 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-021-02835-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle CE-Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Hajat, Cother
Stein, Emma
Shantikumar, Saran
Niaura, Raymond
Ferrara, Pietro
Polosa, Riccardo
A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
title A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
title_full A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
title_fullStr A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
title_full_unstemmed A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
title_short A scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
title_sort scoping review of studies on the health impact of electronic nicotine delivery systems
topic CE-Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841326/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34637075
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-021-02835-4
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