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Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused outbreaks of the pandemic starting from the end of 2019 and, despite ongoing vaccination campaigns, still influences health services and economic factors globally. Understanding immune protection elicited by natural infection i...

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Autores principales: Maciola, Agnieszka Katarzyna, La Raja, Massimo, Pacenti, Monia, Salata, Cristiano, De Silvestro, Giustina, Rosato, Antonio, Pasqual, Giulia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35173741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.830710
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author Maciola, Agnieszka Katarzyna
La Raja, Massimo
Pacenti, Monia
Salata, Cristiano
De Silvestro, Giustina
Rosato, Antonio
Pasqual, Giulia
author_facet Maciola, Agnieszka Katarzyna
La Raja, Massimo
Pacenti, Monia
Salata, Cristiano
De Silvestro, Giustina
Rosato, Antonio
Pasqual, Giulia
author_sort Maciola, Agnieszka Katarzyna
collection PubMed
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused outbreaks of the pandemic starting from the end of 2019 and, despite ongoing vaccination campaigns, still influences health services and economic factors globally. Understanding immune protection elicited by natural infection is of critical importance for public health policy. This knowledge is instrumental to set scientific parameters for the release of “immunity pass” adopted with different criteria across Europe and other countries and to provide guidelines for the vaccination of COVID-19 recovered patients. Here, we characterized the humoral response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 natural infection by analyzing serum samples from 94 COVID-19 convalescent patients with three serological platforms, including live virus neutralization, pseudovirus neutralization, and ELISA. We found that neutralization potency varies greatly across individuals, is significantly higher in severe patients compared with mild ones, and correlates with both Spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) recognition. We also show that RBD-targeting antibodies consistently represent only a modest proportion of Spike-specific IgG, suggesting broad specificity of the humoral response in naturally infected individuals. Collectively, this study contributes to the characterization of the humoral immune response in the context of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting its variability in terms of neutralization activity, with implications for immune protection in COVID-19 recovered patients.
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spelling pubmed-88418042022-02-15 Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition Maciola, Agnieszka Katarzyna La Raja, Massimo Pacenti, Monia Salata, Cristiano De Silvestro, Giustina Rosato, Antonio Pasqual, Giulia Front Immunol Immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused outbreaks of the pandemic starting from the end of 2019 and, despite ongoing vaccination campaigns, still influences health services and economic factors globally. Understanding immune protection elicited by natural infection is of critical importance for public health policy. This knowledge is instrumental to set scientific parameters for the release of “immunity pass” adopted with different criteria across Europe and other countries and to provide guidelines for the vaccination of COVID-19 recovered patients. Here, we characterized the humoral response triggered by SARS-CoV-2 natural infection by analyzing serum samples from 94 COVID-19 convalescent patients with three serological platforms, including live virus neutralization, pseudovirus neutralization, and ELISA. We found that neutralization potency varies greatly across individuals, is significantly higher in severe patients compared with mild ones, and correlates with both Spike and receptor-binding domain (RBD) recognition. We also show that RBD-targeting antibodies consistently represent only a modest proportion of Spike-specific IgG, suggesting broad specificity of the humoral response in naturally infected individuals. Collectively, this study contributes to the characterization of the humoral immune response in the context of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, highlighting its variability in terms of neutralization activity, with implications for immune protection in COVID-19 recovered patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-01-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8841804/ /pubmed/35173741 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.830710 Text en Copyright © 2022 Maciola, La Raja, Pacenti, Salata, De Silvestro, Rosato and Pasqual https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Maciola, Agnieszka Katarzyna
La Raja, Massimo
Pacenti, Monia
Salata, Cristiano
De Silvestro, Giustina
Rosato, Antonio
Pasqual, Giulia
Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
title Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
title_full Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
title_fullStr Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
title_full_unstemmed Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
title_short Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 in Recovered COVID-19 Patients Are Variable and Correlate With Disease Severity and Receptor-Binding Domain Recognition
title_sort neutralizing antibody responses to sars-cov-2 in recovered covid-19 patients are variable and correlate with disease severity and receptor-binding domain recognition
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8841804/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35173741
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.830710
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