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White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition sequences and analytic techniques have led to growing body of evidence that abnormal white matter microstructure is a core pathophysiological fe...

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Autores principales: Connaughton, Michael, Whelan, Robert, O'Hanlon, Erik, McGrath, Jane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8842077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35149304
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957
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author Connaughton, Michael
Whelan, Robert
O'Hanlon, Erik
McGrath, Jane
author_facet Connaughton, Michael
Whelan, Robert
O'Hanlon, Erik
McGrath, Jane
author_sort Connaughton, Michael
collection PubMed
description Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition sequences and analytic techniques have led to growing body of evidence that abnormal white matter microstructure is a core pathophysiological feature of ADHD. This systematic review provides a qualitative assessment of research investigating microstructural organisation of white matter amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This review included 46 studies in total, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI imaging techniques and analytic approaches, including whole-brain, region of interest and connectomic analyses. Whole-brain and region of interest analyses described atypical organisation of white matter microstructure in several white matter tracts: most notably in frontostriatal tracts, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, thalamic radiations, internal capsule and corona radiata. Connectomic analyses, including graph theory approaches, demonstrated global underconnectivity in connections between functionally specialised networks. Although some studies reported significant correlations between atypical white matter microstructure and ADHD symptoms or other behavioural measures there was no clear pattern of results. Interestingly however, many of the findings of disrupted white matter microstructure were in neural networks associated with key neuropsychological functions that are atypical in ADHD. Limitations to the extant research are outlined in this review and future studies in this area should carefully consider factors such as sample size, sex balance, head motion and medication status.
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spelling pubmed-88420772022-02-22 White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD Connaughton, Michael Whelan, Robert O'Hanlon, Erik McGrath, Jane Neuroimage Clin Review Article Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition sequences and analytic techniques have led to growing body of evidence that abnormal white matter microstructure is a core pathophysiological feature of ADHD. This systematic review provides a qualitative assessment of research investigating microstructural organisation of white matter amongst children and adolescents with ADHD. This review included 46 studies in total, encompassing multiple diffusion MRI imaging techniques and analytic approaches, including whole-brain, region of interest and connectomic analyses. Whole-brain and region of interest analyses described atypical organisation of white matter microstructure in several white matter tracts: most notably in frontostriatal tracts, corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, thalamic radiations, internal capsule and corona radiata. Connectomic analyses, including graph theory approaches, demonstrated global underconnectivity in connections between functionally specialised networks. Although some studies reported significant correlations between atypical white matter microstructure and ADHD symptoms or other behavioural measures there was no clear pattern of results. Interestingly however, many of the findings of disrupted white matter microstructure were in neural networks associated with key neuropsychological functions that are atypical in ADHD. Limitations to the extant research are outlined in this review and future studies in this area should carefully consider factors such as sample size, sex balance, head motion and medication status. Elsevier 2022-02-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8842077/ /pubmed/35149304 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957 Text en © 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review Article
Connaughton, Michael
Whelan, Robert
O'Hanlon, Erik
McGrath, Jane
White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
title White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
title_full White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
title_fullStr White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
title_full_unstemmed White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
title_short White matter microstructure in children and adolescents with ADHD
title_sort white matter microstructure in children and adolescents with adhd
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8842077/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35149304
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102957
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