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Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD

BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adolescence and adulthood, but the processes underlying persistence and remission remain poorly understood. We previously found that reaction time variability and event-related potentials of preparation-vigilance process...

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Autores principales: Vainieri, Isabella, Michelini, Giorgia, Adamo, Nicoletta, Cheung, Celeste H. M., Asherson, Philip, Kuntsi, Jonna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8842193/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720002056
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author Vainieri, Isabella
Michelini, Giorgia
Adamo, Nicoletta
Cheung, Celeste H. M.
Asherson, Philip
Kuntsi, Jonna
author_facet Vainieri, Isabella
Michelini, Giorgia
Adamo, Nicoletta
Cheung, Celeste H. M.
Asherson, Philip
Kuntsi, Jonna
author_sort Vainieri, Isabella
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adolescence and adulthood, but the processes underlying persistence and remission remain poorly understood. We previously found that reaction time variability and event-related potentials of preparation-vigilance processes were impaired in ADHD persisters and represented markers of remission, as ADHD remitters were indistinguishable from controls but differed from persisters. Here, we aimed to further clarify the nature of the cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD and of markers of remission by examining the finer-grained ex-Gaussian reaction-time distribution and electroencephalographic (EEG) brain-oscillatory measures in ADHD persisters, remitters and controls. METHODS: A total of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 age-matched controls were compared on ex-Gaussian (mu, sigma, tau) indices and time-frequency EEG measures of power and phase consistency from a reaction-time task with slow-unrewarded baseline and fast-incentive conditions (‘Fast task’). RESULTS: Compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed significantly greater mu, sigma, tau, and lower theta power and phase consistency across conditions. Relative to ADHD persisters, remitters showed significantly lower tau and theta power and phase consistency across conditions, as well as lower mu in the fast-incentive condition, with no difference in the baseline condition. Remitters did not significantly differ from controls on any measure. CONCLUSIONS: We found widespread impairments in ADHD persisters in reaction-time distribution and brain-oscillatory measures. Event-related theta power, theta phase consistency and tau across conditions, as well as mu in the more engaging fast-incentive condition, emerged as novel markers of ADHD remission, potentially representing compensatory mechanisms in individuals with remitted ADHD.
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spelling pubmed-88421932022-02-28 Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD Vainieri, Isabella Michelini, Giorgia Adamo, Nicoletta Cheung, Celeste H. M. Asherson, Philip Kuntsi, Jonna Psychol Med Original Article BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adolescence and adulthood, but the processes underlying persistence and remission remain poorly understood. We previously found that reaction time variability and event-related potentials of preparation-vigilance processes were impaired in ADHD persisters and represented markers of remission, as ADHD remitters were indistinguishable from controls but differed from persisters. Here, we aimed to further clarify the nature of the cognitive-neurophysiological impairments in ADHD and of markers of remission by examining the finer-grained ex-Gaussian reaction-time distribution and electroencephalographic (EEG) brain-oscillatory measures in ADHD persisters, remitters and controls. METHODS: A total of 110 adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD (87 persisters, 23 remitters) and 169 age-matched controls were compared on ex-Gaussian (mu, sigma, tau) indices and time-frequency EEG measures of power and phase consistency from a reaction-time task with slow-unrewarded baseline and fast-incentive conditions (‘Fast task’). RESULTS: Compared to controls, ADHD persisters showed significantly greater mu, sigma, tau, and lower theta power and phase consistency across conditions. Relative to ADHD persisters, remitters showed significantly lower tau and theta power and phase consistency across conditions, as well as lower mu in the fast-incentive condition, with no difference in the baseline condition. Remitters did not significantly differ from controls on any measure. CONCLUSIONS: We found widespread impairments in ADHD persisters in reaction-time distribution and brain-oscillatory measures. Event-related theta power, theta phase consistency and tau across conditions, as well as mu in the more engaging fast-incentive condition, emerged as novel markers of ADHD remission, potentially representing compensatory mechanisms in individuals with remitted ADHD. Cambridge University Press 2022-01 2020-07-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8842193/ /pubmed/32611469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720002056 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Article
Vainieri, Isabella
Michelini, Giorgia
Adamo, Nicoletta
Cheung, Celeste H. M.
Asherson, Philip
Kuntsi, Jonna
Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
title Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
title_full Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
title_fullStr Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
title_full_unstemmed Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
title_short Event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-Gaussian markers of remission and persistence of ADHD
title_sort event-related brain-oscillatory and ex-gaussian markers of remission and persistence of adhd
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8842193/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32611469
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720002056
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