Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Predictors of Left Ventricular Dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and Takotsubo (TK) cardiomyopathy present with similar initial clinical features and can result in left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and acute heart failure. METHODS: This study was a retrospective case-control study that identified patients aged 18 years and older who presented with ACS and underwent cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: There were a total of 321 patients in the TK group and 1031 patients in the NSTEMI group. There was significantly worse LV dysfunction in the TK group with average ejection fraction (EF) of 44.35% (±15.11%) versus NSTEMI with an average EF of 47.36% (±13.5%) (P < .001). The presence of TK yielded of an odds ratio (OR) of 2.373 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.165-3.618) and presence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) yielded an OR of 2.053 (95% CI: 1.165-3.618). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of TK cardiomyopathy and PAD were independent predictors of patients who had LVEF of <35% and elevated B-type natriuretic peptide levels.