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Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration

Indonesia is home to around 45% of the world’s tropical peatlands which continue to be degraded on a large scale by deforestation, drainage and fire, contributing massively to global GHG emissions. Approaches to restoring the peat–water balance and reducing emissions in peat hydrological units, thro...

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Autores principales: Applegate, Grahame, Freeman, Blair, Tular, Benjamin, Sitadevi, Latifa, Jessup, Timothy C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Netherlands 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8847495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34231133
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01595-x
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author Applegate, Grahame
Freeman, Blair
Tular, Benjamin
Sitadevi, Latifa
Jessup, Timothy C.
author_facet Applegate, Grahame
Freeman, Blair
Tular, Benjamin
Sitadevi, Latifa
Jessup, Timothy C.
author_sort Applegate, Grahame
collection PubMed
description Indonesia is home to around 45% of the world’s tropical peatlands which continue to be degraded on a large scale by deforestation, drainage and fire, contributing massively to global GHG emissions. Approaches to restoring the peat–water balance and reducing emissions in peat hydrological units, through managing them based either on full protection or large-scale commercial production, have generally failed to address environmental and local community needs. We present published and unpublished findings pointing to the need for an integrated peatland protection and restoration strategy based first on raising water levels in degraded (drained) peatlands and maintaining them in forested peatlands, thus, reducing GHG emissions. Second, the strategy incorporates ecologically sound agroforestry business models that strengthen livelihoods of smallholders and so sustain their interest in sustainably managing the peatlands. In this paper, we focus on the second element of this strategy in Indonesia. Eight agroforestry business models are proposed based on their merits to attract both smallholders and commercial investors as well as their compatibility with hydrological rehabilitation of the peatlands. While financial returns on investment will vary across sites and countries, our analysis indicates that some models can be profitable over both short and longer time periods with relatively low levels of investment risk.
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spelling pubmed-88474952022-02-23 Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration Applegate, Grahame Freeman, Blair Tular, Benjamin Sitadevi, Latifa Jessup, Timothy C. Ambio Perspective Indonesia is home to around 45% of the world’s tropical peatlands which continue to be degraded on a large scale by deforestation, drainage and fire, contributing massively to global GHG emissions. Approaches to restoring the peat–water balance and reducing emissions in peat hydrological units, through managing them based either on full protection or large-scale commercial production, have generally failed to address environmental and local community needs. We present published and unpublished findings pointing to the need for an integrated peatland protection and restoration strategy based first on raising water levels in degraded (drained) peatlands and maintaining them in forested peatlands, thus, reducing GHG emissions. Second, the strategy incorporates ecologically sound agroforestry business models that strengthen livelihoods of smallholders and so sustain their interest in sustainably managing the peatlands. In this paper, we focus on the second element of this strategy in Indonesia. Eight agroforestry business models are proposed based on their merits to attract both smallholders and commercial investors as well as their compatibility with hydrological rehabilitation of the peatlands. While financial returns on investment will vary across sites and countries, our analysis indicates that some models can be profitable over both short and longer time periods with relatively low levels of investment risk. Springer Netherlands 2021-07-06 2022-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8847495/ /pubmed/34231133 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01595-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Perspective
Applegate, Grahame
Freeman, Blair
Tular, Benjamin
Sitadevi, Latifa
Jessup, Timothy C.
Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
title Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
title_full Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
title_fullStr Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
title_full_unstemmed Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
title_short Application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
title_sort application of agroforestry business models to tropical peatland restoration
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8847495/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34231133
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01595-x
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