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Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome

To better understand how complex microbial communities become assembled on eukaryotic hosts, it is essential to disentangle the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes that drive their assembly. Deterministic processes can create consistent patterns of microbiome membership that resul...

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Autores principales: Unzueta-Martínez, Andrea, Welch, Heather, Bowen, Jennifer L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8847785/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185836
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.828692
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author Unzueta-Martínez, Andrea
Welch, Heather
Bowen, Jennifer L.
author_facet Unzueta-Martínez, Andrea
Welch, Heather
Bowen, Jennifer L.
author_sort Unzueta-Martínez, Andrea
collection PubMed
description To better understand how complex microbial communities become assembled on eukaryotic hosts, it is essential to disentangle the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes that drive their assembly. Deterministic processes can create consistent patterns of microbiome membership that result in persistent resident communities, while stochastic processes can result in random fluctuation of microbiome members that are transient with regard to their association to the host. We sampled oyster reefs from six different populations across the east coast of the United States. At each site we collected gill tissues for microbial community analysis and additionally collected and shipped live oysters to Northeastern University where they were held in a common garden experiment. We then examined the microbiome shifts in gill tissues weekly for 6 weeks using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found a strong population-specific signal in the microbial community composition of field-sampled oysters. Surprisingly, the oysters sampled during the common garden experiment maintained compositionally distinct gill-associated microbial communities that reflected their wild population of origin, even after rearing them in a common garden for several weeks. This indicates that oyster gill-associated microbiota are predominantly composed of resident microbes specific to host population, rather than being a reflection of their immediate biotic and abiotic surroundings. However, certain bacterial taxa tended to appear more frequently on individuals from different populations than on individuals from the same population, indicating that there is a small portion of the gill microbiome that is transient and is readily exchanged with the environmental pool of microbes. Regardless, the majority of gill-associated microbes were resident members that were specific to each oyster population, suggesting that there are strong deterministic factors that govern a large portion of the gill microbiome. A small portion of the microbial communities, however, was transient and moved among oyster populations, indicating that stochastic assembly also contributes to the oyster gill microbiome. Our results are relevant to the oyster aquaculture industry and oyster conservation efforts because resident members of the oyster microbiome may represent microbes that are important to oyster health and some of these key members vary depending on oyster population.
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spelling pubmed-88477852022-02-17 Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome Unzueta-Martínez, Andrea Welch, Heather Bowen, Jennifer L. Front Microbiol Microbiology To better understand how complex microbial communities become assembled on eukaryotic hosts, it is essential to disentangle the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes that drive their assembly. Deterministic processes can create consistent patterns of microbiome membership that result in persistent resident communities, while stochastic processes can result in random fluctuation of microbiome members that are transient with regard to their association to the host. We sampled oyster reefs from six different populations across the east coast of the United States. At each site we collected gill tissues for microbial community analysis and additionally collected and shipped live oysters to Northeastern University where they were held in a common garden experiment. We then examined the microbiome shifts in gill tissues weekly for 6 weeks using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We found a strong population-specific signal in the microbial community composition of field-sampled oysters. Surprisingly, the oysters sampled during the common garden experiment maintained compositionally distinct gill-associated microbial communities that reflected their wild population of origin, even after rearing them in a common garden for several weeks. This indicates that oyster gill-associated microbiota are predominantly composed of resident microbes specific to host population, rather than being a reflection of their immediate biotic and abiotic surroundings. However, certain bacterial taxa tended to appear more frequently on individuals from different populations than on individuals from the same population, indicating that there is a small portion of the gill microbiome that is transient and is readily exchanged with the environmental pool of microbes. Regardless, the majority of gill-associated microbes were resident members that were specific to each oyster population, suggesting that there are strong deterministic factors that govern a large portion of the gill microbiome. A small portion of the microbial communities, however, was transient and moved among oyster populations, indicating that stochastic assembly also contributes to the oyster gill microbiome. Our results are relevant to the oyster aquaculture industry and oyster conservation efforts because resident members of the oyster microbiome may represent microbes that are important to oyster health and some of these key members vary depending on oyster population. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8847785/ /pubmed/35185836 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.828692 Text en Copyright © 2022 Unzueta-Martínez, Welch and Bowen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Unzueta-Martínez, Andrea
Welch, Heather
Bowen, Jennifer L.
Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome
title Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome
title_full Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome
title_fullStr Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome
title_full_unstemmed Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome
title_short Determining the Composition of Resident and Transient Members of the Oyster Microbiome
title_sort determining the composition of resident and transient members of the oyster microbiome
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8847785/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185836
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.828692
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