The effects of bone-substitute augmentation on treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures

BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures often have postoperative complications despite a perfect reduction and an optimal fixation. We describe a simple technique using bone substitute augmentation and hypothesize that this method would prevent excessive sliding of the lag screw and potential subsequent complications. METHODS: Between January 2009 and July 2017, patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures who were treated with a dynamic hip screw (DHS) were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. DHS group patients received conventional DHS treatment and BSA-DHS group patients received bone-substitute augmented DHS treatment. Factors such as demographics, Parker and Palmer mobility scores, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scores (short-form Health Survey-12 Physical Component Summary [SF-12-PCS], and SF-12 Mental Component Summary [SF-12-MCS]), morbidities, mortality, and radiographic outcomes were compared. RESULTS: We enrolled 85 patients: DHS group = 37 and BSA-DHS group = 48. There was significant lag-screw sliding (mean: 9 mm and 3 mm, p < 0.001), varus collapse (mean: 7° and 3°, p < 0.001), and femoral shortening (mean: 10 mm and 3 mm, p < 0.001) in the DHS group compared to the BSA-DHS group. The ability to get around the house was significantly different between the DHS and BSA-DHS groups (p = 0.031) at 3 months. Postoperative scores were not significantly different after 6, 9 or 12 months, however. Scores for the ability to get out of the house and to go shopping and the SF-12-PCS were significantly worse in the DHS group at 3 and 6 months. Malunion and lag-screw cutout were also significantly worse in the DHS group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Bone-substitute augmentation appears effective to prevent typical postoperative complications experienced by the DHS group patients, and to improve functional outcomes. Additional prospective randomized large-scale cohort studies are necessary to confirm this conclusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III.