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Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster

Sexually selected traits may also be subject to non‐sexual selection. If optimal trait values depend on environmental conditions, then “narrow sense” (i.e., non‐sexual) natural selection can lead to local adaptation, with fitness in a certain environment being highest among individuals selected unde...

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Autores principales: Dobler, Ralph, Charette, Marc, Kaplan, Katrin, Turnell, Biz R., Reinhardt, Klaus
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8848461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222953
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8567
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author Dobler, Ralph
Charette, Marc
Kaplan, Katrin
Turnell, Biz R.
Reinhardt, Klaus
author_facet Dobler, Ralph
Charette, Marc
Kaplan, Katrin
Turnell, Biz R.
Reinhardt, Klaus
author_sort Dobler, Ralph
collection PubMed
description Sexually selected traits may also be subject to non‐sexual selection. If optimal trait values depend on environmental conditions, then “narrow sense” (i.e., non‐sexual) natural selection can lead to local adaptation, with fitness in a certain environment being highest among individuals selected under that environment. Such adaptation can, in turn, drive ecological speciation via sexual selection. To date, most research on the effect of narrow‐sense natural selection on sexually selected traits has focused on precopulatory measures like mating success. However, postcopulatory traits, such as sperm function, can also be under non‐sexual selection, and have the potential to contribute to population divergence between different environments. Here, we investigate the effects of narrow‐sense natural selection on male postcopulatory success in Drosophila melanogaster. We chose two extreme environments, low oxygen (10%, hypoxic) or high CO(2) (5%, hypercapnic) to detect small effects. We measured the sperm defensive (P1) and offensive (P2) capabilities of selected and control males in the corresponding selection environment and under control conditions. Overall, selection under hypoxia decreased both P1 and P2, while selection under hypercapnia had no effect. Surprisingly, P1 for both selected and control males was higher under both ambient hypoxia and ambient hypercapnia, compared to control conditions, while P2 was lower under hypoxia. We found limited evidence for local adaptation: the positive environmental effect of hypoxia on P1 was greater in hypoxia‐selected males than in controls. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of postcopulatory traits in response to non‐sexual and sexual selection.
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spelling pubmed-88484612022-02-25 Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster Dobler, Ralph Charette, Marc Kaplan, Katrin Turnell, Biz R. Reinhardt, Klaus Ecol Evol Research Articles Sexually selected traits may also be subject to non‐sexual selection. If optimal trait values depend on environmental conditions, then “narrow sense” (i.e., non‐sexual) natural selection can lead to local adaptation, with fitness in a certain environment being highest among individuals selected under that environment. Such adaptation can, in turn, drive ecological speciation via sexual selection. To date, most research on the effect of narrow‐sense natural selection on sexually selected traits has focused on precopulatory measures like mating success. However, postcopulatory traits, such as sperm function, can also be under non‐sexual selection, and have the potential to contribute to population divergence between different environments. Here, we investigate the effects of narrow‐sense natural selection on male postcopulatory success in Drosophila melanogaster. We chose two extreme environments, low oxygen (10%, hypoxic) or high CO(2) (5%, hypercapnic) to detect small effects. We measured the sperm defensive (P1) and offensive (P2) capabilities of selected and control males in the corresponding selection environment and under control conditions. Overall, selection under hypoxia decreased both P1 and P2, while selection under hypercapnia had no effect. Surprisingly, P1 for both selected and control males was higher under both ambient hypoxia and ambient hypercapnia, compared to control conditions, while P2 was lower under hypoxia. We found limited evidence for local adaptation: the positive environmental effect of hypoxia on P1 was greater in hypoxia‐selected males than in controls. We discuss the implications of our findings for the evolution of postcopulatory traits in response to non‐sexual and sexual selection. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8848461/ /pubmed/35222953 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8567 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Dobler, Ralph
Charette, Marc
Kaplan, Katrin
Turnell, Biz R.
Reinhardt, Klaus
Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
title Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
title_full Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
title_fullStr Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
title_full_unstemmed Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
title_short Divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in Drosophila melanogaster
title_sort divergent natural selection alters male sperm competition success in drosophila melanogaster
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8848461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222953
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8567
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