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Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the correlation of exhaled CO and nicotine dependence with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions while also taking into consideration socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometrical characteristics of participants. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional stud...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8850871/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34582646 http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.9.2781 |
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author | Naik, Nidhi Gaunkar, Ridhima Kamat, Amita Kenkre Kamath, Vinayak Gadiyar, Akshatha Mungi, Prachi |
author_facet | Naik, Nidhi Gaunkar, Ridhima Kamat, Amita Kenkre Kamath, Vinayak Gadiyar, Akshatha Mungi, Prachi |
author_sort | Naik, Nidhi |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the correlation of exhaled CO and nicotine dependence with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions while also taking into consideration socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometrical characteristics of participants. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out among smokers who visited the tobacco cessation center at Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Goa, India. An intra-oral soft tissue examination for detecting presence of oral mucosal lesions followed by a questionnaire-based interview for the measurement of exposure, sociodemographic factors, body mass index, cooking habits and nicotine dependence was conducted. The exhaled CO levels were measured with a CO breath analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariable analysis was done to assess the association of different variables with oral mucosal lesions and carbon monoxide levels. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 173 subjects enrolled in the study, 69.36% were without any lesions while 30.63% were diagnosed with some lesion. In the regression analysis, the variables of physical activity (present vs absent OR: 5.808), exhaled CO levels (OR: 1.098) and nicotine dependence (mild vs moderate OR: 6.518) were significant risk factors influencing the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Usage of both cigarettes and bidis by smokers exhibited highest mean exhaled CO values of 19.67±1.506 ppm. Exhaled CO levels were significantly higher in smokers who were overweight (14.96±9.14 ppm), physically inactive (13.98±8.26 ppm), highly nicotine dependent (20.67±8.30) and used coal for cooking (12.55±8.17). CONCLUSION: A robust correlation between exhaled CO levels, nicotine dependence and incidence of oral mucosal lesions was established. The multifactorial tenacity of exhaled CO which is affected by smoked tobacco as well as variables such as physical activity, BMI, cooking habits and type of smoking habit should be noted. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8850871 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88508712022-02-24 Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency Naik, Nidhi Gaunkar, Ridhima Kamat, Amita Kenkre Kamath, Vinayak Gadiyar, Akshatha Mungi, Prachi Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Research Article OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the correlation of exhaled CO and nicotine dependence with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions while also taking into consideration socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometrical characteristics of participants. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out among smokers who visited the tobacco cessation center at Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Goa, India. An intra-oral soft tissue examination for detecting presence of oral mucosal lesions followed by a questionnaire-based interview for the measurement of exposure, sociodemographic factors, body mass index, cooking habits and nicotine dependence was conducted. The exhaled CO levels were measured with a CO breath analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariable analysis was done to assess the association of different variables with oral mucosal lesions and carbon monoxide levels. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the 173 subjects enrolled in the study, 69.36% were without any lesions while 30.63% were diagnosed with some lesion. In the regression analysis, the variables of physical activity (present vs absent OR: 5.808), exhaled CO levels (OR: 1.098) and nicotine dependence (mild vs moderate OR: 6.518) were significant risk factors influencing the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Usage of both cigarettes and bidis by smokers exhibited highest mean exhaled CO values of 19.67±1.506 ppm. Exhaled CO levels were significantly higher in smokers who were overweight (14.96±9.14 ppm), physically inactive (13.98±8.26 ppm), highly nicotine dependent (20.67±8.30) and used coal for cooking (12.55±8.17). CONCLUSION: A robust correlation between exhaled CO levels, nicotine dependence and incidence of oral mucosal lesions was established. The multifactorial tenacity of exhaled CO which is affected by smoked tobacco as well as variables such as physical activity, BMI, cooking habits and type of smoking habit should be noted. West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8850871/ /pubmed/34582646 http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.9.2781 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) ) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Naik, Nidhi Gaunkar, Ridhima Kamat, Amita Kenkre Kamath, Vinayak Gadiyar, Akshatha Mungi, Prachi Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency |
title | Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency |
title_full | Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency |
title_fullStr | Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency |
title_full_unstemmed | Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency |
title_short | Oral Mucosal Lesions’ propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency |
title_sort | oral mucosal lesions’ propensity as an outcome eventuated by exhaled carbon monoxide (co) levels and nicotine dependency |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8850871/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34582646 http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.9.2781 |
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