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Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control

Argan oil is considered a relatively international product exported from Morocco, although different companies in Europe and North America distribute argan oil around the globe. Argan oil is non-refined vegetable oil, of the more well-known “virgin oil” type, is produced from the argan tree [Argania...

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Autores principales: Gharby, Said, Charrouf, Zoubida
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8850956/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35187023
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.804587
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author Gharby, Said
Charrouf, Zoubida
author_facet Gharby, Said
Charrouf, Zoubida
author_sort Gharby, Said
collection PubMed
description Argan oil is considered a relatively international product exported from Morocco, although different companies in Europe and North America distribute argan oil around the globe. Argan oil is non-refined vegetable oil, of the more well-known “virgin oil” type, is produced from the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels]. The argan tree is deemed to be an important forest species from both social and economic standpoints. Argan oil has rapidly emerged as an important product able to bring more income to the local population. In addition, it also has important environmental implications, owing to its ability to stand against desert progression. Currently, argan oil is mainly produced by women's cooperatives in Morocco using a semi-industrial mechanical extraction process. This allows the production of high-quality argan oil. Depending on the method used to prepare argan kernels, two types of argan oil can be obtained: food or cosmetic grade. Cosmetic argan oil is prepared from unroasted kernels, whereas food argan oil is achieved by cold pressing kernels roasted for a few minutes. Previously, the same food argan oil was prepared exclusively by women according to a laborious ancestral process. Extraction technology has been evolved to obtain high-quality argan oil at a large scale. The extraction process and several accompanying parameters can influence the quality, stability, and purity of argan oil. In view of this, the present review discusses different aspects related to argan oil chemical composition along with its nutritional and cosmetic values. Similarly, it details different processes used to prepare argan oil, as well as its quality control, oxidative stability, and authenticity assessment.
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spelling pubmed-88509562022-02-18 Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control Gharby, Said Charrouf, Zoubida Front Nutr Nutrition Argan oil is considered a relatively international product exported from Morocco, although different companies in Europe and North America distribute argan oil around the globe. Argan oil is non-refined vegetable oil, of the more well-known “virgin oil” type, is produced from the argan tree [Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels]. The argan tree is deemed to be an important forest species from both social and economic standpoints. Argan oil has rapidly emerged as an important product able to bring more income to the local population. In addition, it also has important environmental implications, owing to its ability to stand against desert progression. Currently, argan oil is mainly produced by women's cooperatives in Morocco using a semi-industrial mechanical extraction process. This allows the production of high-quality argan oil. Depending on the method used to prepare argan kernels, two types of argan oil can be obtained: food or cosmetic grade. Cosmetic argan oil is prepared from unroasted kernels, whereas food argan oil is achieved by cold pressing kernels roasted for a few minutes. Previously, the same food argan oil was prepared exclusively by women according to a laborious ancestral process. Extraction technology has been evolved to obtain high-quality argan oil at a large scale. The extraction process and several accompanying parameters can influence the quality, stability, and purity of argan oil. In view of this, the present review discusses different aspects related to argan oil chemical composition along with its nutritional and cosmetic values. Similarly, it details different processes used to prepare argan oil, as well as its quality control, oxidative stability, and authenticity assessment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8850956/ /pubmed/35187023 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.804587 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gharby and Charrouf. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Gharby, Said
Charrouf, Zoubida
Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control
title Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control
title_full Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control
title_fullStr Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control
title_full_unstemmed Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control
title_short Argan Oil: Chemical Composition, Extraction Process, and Quality Control
title_sort argan oil: chemical composition, extraction process, and quality control
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8850956/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35187023
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.804587
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