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Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley

BACKGROUND: DBP is one of the most commonly used plasticizers for imparting desirable properties to polymers. The introduction of phthalates is reported to have occurred in the late 1920s, and there has been a significant rise in their release into the environment in past decades due to a lack of co...

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Autores principales: Kumari, Arpna, Kaur, Rajinder
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8852270/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35186466
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12859
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author Kumari, Arpna
Kaur, Rajinder
author_facet Kumari, Arpna
Kaur, Rajinder
author_sort Kumari, Arpna
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: DBP is one of the most commonly used plasticizers for imparting desirable properties to polymers. The introduction of phthalates is reported to have occurred in the late 1920s, and there has been a significant rise in their release into the environment in past decades due to a lack of covalent bonding with the parent matrix. Because of their numerous applications in day-to-day life, phthalates have become ubiquitous and also classified as endocrine disruptors. Hence, several studies have been conducted to investigate the phthalate-mediated toxicities in animals; however, plants have not been explored to the same amount. METHODS: Therefore, in the present study, the accumulation and translocation along with morpho-physiological perturbations in barley plants after 15, 30, 60, and 120 days of exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are investigated using standard protocols. RESULTS: The maximal accumulation and translocation of DBP in the roots and shoots of barley plants was observed after 60 days of exposure. The exposure of DBP from 15 to 120 days was recorded to decline all the morphological indices (i.e., dry weight, net primary productivity, seed number per spike, and seed weight) of barley plants. The pigments content declined under DBP treatment for all exposure durations except 120 days exposure. Carbohydrate content increased after 15–30 days of exposure afterward it was observed to be decreased under 60 and 120 days of exposure. The protein content was declined in DBP stressed plants for 15–120 days. Proline content was increased in all exposure durations and maximal percent increase was recorded in 120 days of exposure. MDA content showed an increase at earlier exposure durations then followed by a decline in long-term exposure. Hydrogen peroxide content increased at all exposure durations. There were significant alterations observed in the activities of all antioxidative enzymes in comparison to the control. Furthermore, DBP stressed plants after 60 days were analyzed for the macromolecular variations using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CONCLUSION: Thus, the outcomes of the current work provide an appraisal of phthalates’ uptake and translocation mediated phytotoxic responses in barley plants. These observations can help in developing genetically modified edible plants that are resistant to phthalates uptake, thereby ensuring food security.
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spelling pubmed-88522702022-02-18 Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley Kumari, Arpna Kaur, Rajinder PeerJ Agricultural Science BACKGROUND: DBP is one of the most commonly used plasticizers for imparting desirable properties to polymers. The introduction of phthalates is reported to have occurred in the late 1920s, and there has been a significant rise in their release into the environment in past decades due to a lack of covalent bonding with the parent matrix. Because of their numerous applications in day-to-day life, phthalates have become ubiquitous and also classified as endocrine disruptors. Hence, several studies have been conducted to investigate the phthalate-mediated toxicities in animals; however, plants have not been explored to the same amount. METHODS: Therefore, in the present study, the accumulation and translocation along with morpho-physiological perturbations in barley plants after 15, 30, 60, and 120 days of exposure to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are investigated using standard protocols. RESULTS: The maximal accumulation and translocation of DBP in the roots and shoots of barley plants was observed after 60 days of exposure. The exposure of DBP from 15 to 120 days was recorded to decline all the morphological indices (i.e., dry weight, net primary productivity, seed number per spike, and seed weight) of barley plants. The pigments content declined under DBP treatment for all exposure durations except 120 days exposure. Carbohydrate content increased after 15–30 days of exposure afterward it was observed to be decreased under 60 and 120 days of exposure. The protein content was declined in DBP stressed plants for 15–120 days. Proline content was increased in all exposure durations and maximal percent increase was recorded in 120 days of exposure. MDA content showed an increase at earlier exposure durations then followed by a decline in long-term exposure. Hydrogen peroxide content increased at all exposure durations. There were significant alterations observed in the activities of all antioxidative enzymes in comparison to the control. Furthermore, DBP stressed plants after 60 days were analyzed for the macromolecular variations using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CONCLUSION: Thus, the outcomes of the current work provide an appraisal of phthalates’ uptake and translocation mediated phytotoxic responses in barley plants. These observations can help in developing genetically modified edible plants that are resistant to phthalates uptake, thereby ensuring food security. PeerJ Inc. 2022-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8852270/ /pubmed/35186466 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12859 Text en ©2022 Kumari and Kaur https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Agricultural Science
Kumari, Arpna
Kaur, Rajinder
Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
title Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
title_full Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
title_fullStr Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
title_full_unstemmed Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
title_short Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
title_sort uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley
topic Agricultural Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8852270/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35186466
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12859
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