Utilization of physical therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy by children and adolescents in Germany. Results of the cross-sectional KiGGS Wave 2 study and trends

Allied health services such as physical therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy contribute to the early treatment of health disorders in children and adolescents and promote a healthy development. This article describes the utilization of these allied health services by children and adolescents in Germany and analyses its association with demographic and social factors. The analyses are based on the second wave of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2, 2014-2017) including 15,023 participants. Trends are calculated in comparison with the KiGGS baseline study (2003-2006). Within one year, 9.6% of children and adolescents in Germany use physical therapy, 6.1% speech therapy and 4.0% occupational therapy. Speech therapy and occupational therapy are used more frequently by boys than by girls. The utilization of speech therapy is highest among 3- to 6-year-olds with 15.0%. Occupational therapy (8.3%) is most frequently used by 7- to 10-year-olds and physical therapy (16.9%) by 14- to 17-year-olds. Social differences are evident mainly in the higher utilization of occupational therapy and speech therapy and a lower utilization of physical therapy by socially disadvantaged children and adolescents. Over the last ten years, the utilization of speech therapy and physical therapy in children and adolescents has increased significantly.