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Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment

With a 270 million Indonesian population, domestic wastewater is one of the major contributors to wastewater generated from human activities. This review aimed to give an overview of the current state of domestic wastewater generation, characteristics and treatment systems in Indonesia. Overall, gre...

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Autores principales: Widyarani, Wulan, Diana Rahayuning, Hamidah, Umi, Komarulzaman, Ahmad, Rosmalina, Raden Tina, Sintawardani, Neni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8853296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35150428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19057-6
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author Widyarani
Wulan, Diana Rahayuning
Hamidah, Umi
Komarulzaman, Ahmad
Rosmalina, Raden Tina
Sintawardani, Neni
author_facet Widyarani
Wulan, Diana Rahayuning
Hamidah, Umi
Komarulzaman, Ahmad
Rosmalina, Raden Tina
Sintawardani, Neni
author_sort Widyarani
collection PubMed
description With a 270 million Indonesian population, domestic wastewater is one of the major contributors to wastewater generated from human activities. This review aimed to give an overview of the current state of domestic wastewater generation, characteristics and treatment systems in Indonesia. Overall, grey water quantity in Indonesia was 1 to 4 times higher than black water quantity, while the quantity of untreated grey water was 3 to 6 times higher than untreated black water. Parameters of concern include suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, nitrogen and coliforms. Our analysis shows that grey water can be a significant source of water pollution due to the large quantity and lack of treatment. In addition, black water treatment that relies mainly on on-site treatment is often inadequate due to the lack of quality control for the infrastructure, operation and maintenance. An incentive or penalty scheme to build and ensure the quality of domestic wastewater treatment is required and can be applied at the household, community or central (city) level. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-19057-6.
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spelling pubmed-88532962022-02-18 Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment Widyarani Wulan, Diana Rahayuning Hamidah, Umi Komarulzaman, Ahmad Rosmalina, Raden Tina Sintawardani, Neni Environ Sci Pollut Res Int Review Article With a 270 million Indonesian population, domestic wastewater is one of the major contributors to wastewater generated from human activities. This review aimed to give an overview of the current state of domestic wastewater generation, characteristics and treatment systems in Indonesia. Overall, grey water quantity in Indonesia was 1 to 4 times higher than black water quantity, while the quantity of untreated grey water was 3 to 6 times higher than untreated black water. Parameters of concern include suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, oil and grease, nitrogen and coliforms. Our analysis shows that grey water can be a significant source of water pollution due to the large quantity and lack of treatment. In addition, black water treatment that relies mainly on on-site treatment is often inadequate due to the lack of quality control for the infrastructure, operation and maintenance. An incentive or penalty scheme to build and ensure the quality of domestic wastewater treatment is required and can be applied at the household, community or central (city) level. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11356-022-19057-6. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2022-02-12 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8853296/ /pubmed/35150428 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19057-6 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Review Article
Widyarani
Wulan, Diana Rahayuning
Hamidah, Umi
Komarulzaman, Ahmad
Rosmalina, Raden Tina
Sintawardani, Neni
Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
title Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
title_full Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
title_fullStr Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
title_full_unstemmed Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
title_short Domestic wastewater in Indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
title_sort domestic wastewater in indonesia: generation, characteristics and treatment
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8853296/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35150428
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19057-6
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