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Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with motor and non-motor symptoms associated with two main pathological hallmarks, including the deterioration of dopaminergic cells and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Yet, PD is a neurodegenerative process wh...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8854654/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.799526 |
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author | Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Xiaoguang Yue, Yunhua Tian, Tian |
author_facet | Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Xiaoguang Yue, Yunhua Tian, Tian |
author_sort | Zhang, Yanyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with motor and non-motor symptoms associated with two main pathological hallmarks, including the deterioration of dopaminergic cells and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Yet, PD is a neurodegenerative process whose origin is uncertain and progression difficult to monitor and predict. Currently, a possibility is that PD may be secondary to long lasting peripheral affectations. In this regard, it has been shown that retinal degeneration is present in PD patients. Although it is unknown if retinal degeneration precedes PD motor symptoms, the possibility exists since degeneration of peripheral organs (e.g., olfaction, gut) have already been proven to antedate PD motor symptoms. In this paper, we explore this possibility by introducing the anatomical and functional relationship of retina and brain and providing an overview of the physiopathological changes of retinal structure and visual function in PD. On the basis of the current status of visual deficits in individuals with PD, we discuss the modalities and pathological mechanism of visual function or morphological changes in the retina and focus on the correlation between visual impairment and some representative structural features with clinical significance. To consider retinal degeneration as a contributor to PD origin and progress is important because PD evolution may be monitored and predicted by retinal studies through state-of-the-art techniques of the retina. It is significant to integrally understand the role of retinal morphological and functional changes in the neurodegenerative process for the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of PD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8854654 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88546542022-02-19 Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Xiaoguang Yue, Yunhua Tian, Tian Front Neurosci Neuroscience Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, manifests with motor and non-motor symptoms associated with two main pathological hallmarks, including the deterioration of dopaminergic cells and aggregation of alpha-synuclein. Yet, PD is a neurodegenerative process whose origin is uncertain and progression difficult to monitor and predict. Currently, a possibility is that PD may be secondary to long lasting peripheral affectations. In this regard, it has been shown that retinal degeneration is present in PD patients. Although it is unknown if retinal degeneration precedes PD motor symptoms, the possibility exists since degeneration of peripheral organs (e.g., olfaction, gut) have already been proven to antedate PD motor symptoms. In this paper, we explore this possibility by introducing the anatomical and functional relationship of retina and brain and providing an overview of the physiopathological changes of retinal structure and visual function in PD. On the basis of the current status of visual deficits in individuals with PD, we discuss the modalities and pathological mechanism of visual function or morphological changes in the retina and focus on the correlation between visual impairment and some representative structural features with clinical significance. To consider retinal degeneration as a contributor to PD origin and progress is important because PD evolution may be monitored and predicted by retinal studies through state-of-the-art techniques of the retina. It is significant to integrally understand the role of retinal morphological and functional changes in the neurodegenerative process for the diagnosis and therapeutic strategies of PD. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8854654/ /pubmed/35185448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.799526 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhang, Yue and Tian. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Zhang, Yanyan Zhang, Xiaoguang Yue, Yunhua Tian, Tian Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? |
title | Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? |
title_full | Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? |
title_fullStr | Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? |
title_full_unstemmed | Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? |
title_short | Retinal Degeneration: A Window to Understand the Origin and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease? |
title_sort | retinal degeneration: a window to understand the origin and progression of parkinson’s disease? |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8854654/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185448 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.799526 |
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