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Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats

Previous studies found that seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock (SIHS) induced serious organ function disorder, and lethal triad was a critical sign. There were no effective treatments of SIHS. Fluid resuscitation was the initial measurement for early aid following hemorrhagic shock,...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Yu, Deng, Haoyue, She, Han, Zhou, Yuanqun, Wu, Yue, Zhang, Jie, Liu, Liangming, Tao, Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8854799/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185622
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.827838
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author Zhu, Yu
Deng, Haoyue
She, Han
Zhou, Yuanqun
Wu, Yue
Zhang, Jie
Liu, Liangming
Tao, Li
author_facet Zhu, Yu
Deng, Haoyue
She, Han
Zhou, Yuanqun
Wu, Yue
Zhang, Jie
Liu, Liangming
Tao, Li
author_sort Zhu, Yu
collection PubMed
description Previous studies found that seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock (SIHS) induced serious organ function disorder, and lethal triad was a critical sign. There were no effective treatments of SIHS. Fluid resuscitation was the initial measurement for early aid following hemorrhagic shock, while the proper fluid for SIHS is not clear. Effects of different osmotic pressures [lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution, 0.3% saline, 0.6% saline, and 0.9% normal saline] on the lethal triad, mitochondrial function, vital organ functions, and survival were observed following SIHS in rats. The results showed that SIHS led to an obvious lethal triad, which presented the decrease of the body temperature, acidosis, and coagulation functions disorder in rats. Fluid resuscitation with different osmotic pressures recovered the body temperature and corrected acidosis with different levels; effects of 0.6% normal saline were the best; especially for the coagulation function, 0.6% normal saline alleviated the lethal triad significantly. Further studies showed that SIHS resulted in the damage of the mitochondrial function of vital organs, the increase of the vascular permeability, and, at the same time, the organ function including cardiac, liver, and kidney was disordered. Conventional fluid such as LR or 0.9% normal saline could not improve the mitochondrial function and vascular leakage and alleviate the damage of the organ function. While moderate hypotonic fluid, the 0.6% normal saline, could lighten organ function damage via protecting mitochondrial function. The 0.6% normal saline increased the left ventricular fractional shortening and the left ventricular ejection fraction, and decreased the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in the blood. The effects of fluids with different osmotic pressures on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) had a similar trend as above parameters. The survival results showed that the 0.6% normal saline group improved the survival rate and prolonged the survival time, the 72 h survival rate was 7/16, as compared with the LR group (3/16). The results indicate that appropriate hypotonic fluid is suitable after SIHS, which alleviates the lethal triad, protects the mitochondrial function and organ functions, and prolongs the survival time.
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spelling pubmed-88547992022-02-19 Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats Zhu, Yu Deng, Haoyue She, Han Zhou, Yuanqun Wu, Yue Zhang, Jie Liu, Liangming Tao, Li Front Physiol Physiology Previous studies found that seawater immersion combined with hemorrhagic shock (SIHS) induced serious organ function disorder, and lethal triad was a critical sign. There were no effective treatments of SIHS. Fluid resuscitation was the initial measurement for early aid following hemorrhagic shock, while the proper fluid for SIHS is not clear. Effects of different osmotic pressures [lactated Ringer’s (LR) solution, 0.3% saline, 0.6% saline, and 0.9% normal saline] on the lethal triad, mitochondrial function, vital organ functions, and survival were observed following SIHS in rats. The results showed that SIHS led to an obvious lethal triad, which presented the decrease of the body temperature, acidosis, and coagulation functions disorder in rats. Fluid resuscitation with different osmotic pressures recovered the body temperature and corrected acidosis with different levels; effects of 0.6% normal saline were the best; especially for the coagulation function, 0.6% normal saline alleviated the lethal triad significantly. Further studies showed that SIHS resulted in the damage of the mitochondrial function of vital organs, the increase of the vascular permeability, and, at the same time, the organ function including cardiac, liver, and kidney was disordered. Conventional fluid such as LR or 0.9% normal saline could not improve the mitochondrial function and vascular leakage and alleviate the damage of the organ function. While moderate hypotonic fluid, the 0.6% normal saline, could lighten organ function damage via protecting mitochondrial function. The 0.6% normal saline increased the left ventricular fractional shortening and the left ventricular ejection fraction, and decreased the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine in the blood. The effects of fluids with different osmotic pressures on the mean arterial pressure (MAP) had a similar trend as above parameters. The survival results showed that the 0.6% normal saline group improved the survival rate and prolonged the survival time, the 72 h survival rate was 7/16, as compared with the LR group (3/16). The results indicate that appropriate hypotonic fluid is suitable after SIHS, which alleviates the lethal triad, protects the mitochondrial function and organ functions, and prolongs the survival time. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8854799/ /pubmed/35185622 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.827838 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhu, Deng, She, Zhou, Wu, Zhang, Liu and Li. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Zhu, Yu
Deng, Haoyue
She, Han
Zhou, Yuanqun
Wu, Yue
Zhang, Jie
Liu, Liangming
Tao, Li
Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
title Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
title_full Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
title_fullStr Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
title_full_unstemmed Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
title_short Protective Effect of Moderate Hypotonic Fluid on Organ Dysfunction via Alleviating Lethal Triad Following Seawater Immersion With Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
title_sort protective effect of moderate hypotonic fluid on organ dysfunction via alleviating lethal triad following seawater immersion with hemorrhagic shock in rats
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8854799/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185622
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.827838
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