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High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand

The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) includes two main species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. These can cause serious disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Little information is available concerning genetic diversity of NTM. We used mu...

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Autores principales: Boonjetsadaruhk, Wicharajit, Kaewprasert, Orawee, Nithichanon, Arnone, Ananta, Pimjai, Chaimanee, Prajuab, Salao, Kanin, Phoksawat, Wisitsak, Laohaviroj, Marut, Sirichoat, Auttawit, Fong, Yang, Wongwajana, Suwin, Namwat, Wises, Lulitanond, Viraphong, Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan, Faksri, Kiatichai
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35198722
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100374
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author Boonjetsadaruhk, Wicharajit
Kaewprasert, Orawee
Nithichanon, Arnone
Ananta, Pimjai
Chaimanee, Prajuab
Salao, Kanin
Phoksawat, Wisitsak
Laohaviroj, Marut
Sirichoat, Auttawit
Fong, Yang
Wongwajana, Suwin
Namwat, Wises
Lulitanond, Viraphong
Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan
Faksri, Kiatichai
author_facet Boonjetsadaruhk, Wicharajit
Kaewprasert, Orawee
Nithichanon, Arnone
Ananta, Pimjai
Chaimanee, Prajuab
Salao, Kanin
Phoksawat, Wisitsak
Laohaviroj, Marut
Sirichoat, Auttawit
Fong, Yang
Wongwajana, Suwin
Namwat, Wises
Lulitanond, Viraphong
Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan
Faksri, Kiatichai
author_sort Boonjetsadaruhk, Wicharajit
collection PubMed
description The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) includes two main species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. These can cause serious disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Little information is available concerning genetic diversity of NTM. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on a highly discriminative gene set to analyze MAC serially isolated from patients to determine the rate of MAC reinfection. Genomic DNA was sequenced from 49 MAC isolates (15 cases comprised of 11 true infections and 4 instances of colonization). More than half of the MAC isolates tested were found to be multidrug resistant. The discriminatory power was assessed of 24 house-keeping genes (fusA, atpD, pheT, glnA, topA, secA, argH, glpK, murC, cya, pta, rrl, rrs, hsp65, rpoB, 16S-23S rRNA ITS, recF, lipT, pepB, gnd, aspB, groEL, sodA and est) previously used for genotyping of MAC and other NTM. Seven genes (fusA, secA, rpoB, hsp65, 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, 16S-23S rRNA ITS) had a discriminatory power index higher than 0.9 and were included in the optimized set that we used. This set was significantly better for genotyping and diagnosis of MAC than previously used 4-gene, 5-gene and 9-gene sets. MLST using our 7-gene set indicated that the rate of reinfection was 54.55% (6/11 cases). Persistent infections (n = 5 cases, 45.45%) were found. A changing of clone in the same patient was found in 1/4 (25%) of the colonization cases. Two small clusters of possible MAC transmission between humans were found. Our study demonstrated that the high frequency of apparent treatment failure of MAC might be artefactual, as a consequence of a high rate of MAC reinfection in Thai population. Our useful highly discriminative gene set for MAC species and clonal strain analysis could be further applied for the diagnosis and patient management.
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spelling pubmed-88552142022-02-22 High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand Boonjetsadaruhk, Wicharajit Kaewprasert, Orawee Nithichanon, Arnone Ananta, Pimjai Chaimanee, Prajuab Salao, Kanin Phoksawat, Wisitsak Laohaviroj, Marut Sirichoat, Auttawit Fong, Yang Wongwajana, Suwin Namwat, Wises Lulitanond, Viraphong Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan Faksri, Kiatichai One Health Research Paper The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) includes two main species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), M. avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare. These can cause serious disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. Little information is available concerning genetic diversity of NTM. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on a highly discriminative gene set to analyze MAC serially isolated from patients to determine the rate of MAC reinfection. Genomic DNA was sequenced from 49 MAC isolates (15 cases comprised of 11 true infections and 4 instances of colonization). More than half of the MAC isolates tested were found to be multidrug resistant. The discriminatory power was assessed of 24 house-keeping genes (fusA, atpD, pheT, glnA, topA, secA, argH, glpK, murC, cya, pta, rrl, rrs, hsp65, rpoB, 16S-23S rRNA ITS, recF, lipT, pepB, gnd, aspB, groEL, sodA and est) previously used for genotyping of MAC and other NTM. Seven genes (fusA, secA, rpoB, hsp65, 16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, 16S-23S rRNA ITS) had a discriminatory power index higher than 0.9 and were included in the optimized set that we used. This set was significantly better for genotyping and diagnosis of MAC than previously used 4-gene, 5-gene and 9-gene sets. MLST using our 7-gene set indicated that the rate of reinfection was 54.55% (6/11 cases). Persistent infections (n = 5 cases, 45.45%) were found. A changing of clone in the same patient was found in 1/4 (25%) of the colonization cases. Two small clusters of possible MAC transmission between humans were found. Our study demonstrated that the high frequency of apparent treatment failure of MAC might be artefactual, as a consequence of a high rate of MAC reinfection in Thai population. Our useful highly discriminative gene set for MAC species and clonal strain analysis could be further applied for the diagnosis and patient management. Elsevier 2022-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8855214/ /pubmed/35198722 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100374 Text en © 2022 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Paper
Boonjetsadaruhk, Wicharajit
Kaewprasert, Orawee
Nithichanon, Arnone
Ananta, Pimjai
Chaimanee, Prajuab
Salao, Kanin
Phoksawat, Wisitsak
Laohaviroj, Marut
Sirichoat, Auttawit
Fong, Yang
Wongwajana, Suwin
Namwat, Wises
Lulitanond, Viraphong
Chetchotisakd, Ploenchan
Faksri, Kiatichai
High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand
title High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand
title_full High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand
title_fullStr High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand
title_full_unstemmed High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand
title_short High rate of reinfection and possible transmission of Mycobacterium avium complex in Northeast Thailand
title_sort high rate of reinfection and possible transmission of mycobacterium avium complex in northeast thailand
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855214/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35198722
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100374
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