Estimated Costs Associated With Management of Otosclerosis With Hearing Aids vs Surgery in Europe

IMPORTANCE: Surgery and hearing aids have similar outcomes in terms of hearing acuity but differ in terms of cost, aesthetics, and patient quality of life. The cost-effectiveness and budget impact of otosclerosis treatments have never been studied in Europe. OBJECTIVES: To compare the estimated mean costs per patient over 10 years of surgery vs hearing aids for the treatment of otosclerosis and to estimate the budget impact of an increase in the proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This economic evaluation analyzed French and European epidemiological data on the surgical management of symptomatic otosclerosis and compared them with data from the literature to build economic models. The analysis was conducted in January 2021. EXPOSURES: Two care pathways were considered in the treatment of otosclerosis, either hearing aid or surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Costs were studied over 10 years using Markov models of the 2 care pathways (hearing aid vs surgery). The budget impact analysis was performed over 5 and 10 years, assuming a 1–percentage point yearly increase in the proportion of patients receiving surgical treatment. RESULTS: Over 10 years, the estimated mean cost per patient was significantly lower in the surgery group compared with the hearing aid group (€3446.9 vs €6088.4; mean difference, −€2641.5; 95% CI −€4064.8 to −€1379.4 [US $3913.4 vs US $6912.4; mean difference, −US $2999.0; 95% CI, −US $4614.9 to −US $1566.1]). Increasing surgical treatment by 1 percentage point per year for 10 years would lead to overall savings of €1 762 304 (US $2 000 798) in France, with an increase of €1 322 920 (US $1 501 952) at 10 years for the public health insurance system and a decrease of €3 085 224 (US $3 502 750) at 10 years for patients and private health insurers. Sensitivity analyses showed that these results were robust. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These results suggest that in France, treating otosclerosis surgically is slightly less expensive over 10 years than using hearing aids, when considering all payers. The proposed models developed in this study could be adjusted to perform the same analysis in other countries.