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Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury

Excitotoxicity is a primary pathological process that occurs during stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and global brain ischemia such as perinatal asphyxia. Excitotoxicity is triggered by an overabundance of excitatory neurotransmitters within the synapse, causing a detrimental cascade of excessi...

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Autores principales: Liao, Rick, Wood, Thomas R, Nance, Elizabeth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855450/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35186151
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543520970819
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author Liao, Rick
Wood, Thomas R
Nance, Elizabeth
author_facet Liao, Rick
Wood, Thomas R
Nance, Elizabeth
author_sort Liao, Rick
collection PubMed
description Excitotoxicity is a primary pathological process that occurs during stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and global brain ischemia such as perinatal asphyxia. Excitotoxicity is triggered by an overabundance of excitatory neurotransmitters within the synapse, causing a detrimental cascade of excessive sodium and calcium influx, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage, and ultimately cell death. There are multiple potential points of intervention to combat excitotoxicity and downstream oxidative stress, yet there are currently no therapeutics clinically approved for this specific purpose. For a therapeutic to be effective against excitotoxicity, the therapeutic must accumulate at the disease site at the appropriate concentration at the right time. Nanotechnology can provide benefits for therapeutic delivery, including overcoming physiological obstacles such as the blood–brain barrier, protect cargo from degradation, and provide controlled release of a drug. This review evaluates the use of nano-based therapeutics to combat excitotoxicity in stroke, TBI, and hypoxia–ischemia with an emphasis on mitigating oxidative stress, and consideration of the path forward toward clinical translation.
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spelling pubmed-88554502022-02-19 Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury Liao, Rick Wood, Thomas R Nance, Elizabeth Nanobiomedicine (Rij) Invited Review Article Excitotoxicity is a primary pathological process that occurs during stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and global brain ischemia such as perinatal asphyxia. Excitotoxicity is triggered by an overabundance of excitatory neurotransmitters within the synapse, causing a detrimental cascade of excessive sodium and calcium influx, generation of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial damage, and ultimately cell death. There are multiple potential points of intervention to combat excitotoxicity and downstream oxidative stress, yet there are currently no therapeutics clinically approved for this specific purpose. For a therapeutic to be effective against excitotoxicity, the therapeutic must accumulate at the disease site at the appropriate concentration at the right time. Nanotechnology can provide benefits for therapeutic delivery, including overcoming physiological obstacles such as the blood–brain barrier, protect cargo from degradation, and provide controlled release of a drug. This review evaluates the use of nano-based therapeutics to combat excitotoxicity in stroke, TBI, and hypoxia–ischemia with an emphasis on mitigating oxidative stress, and consideration of the path forward toward clinical translation. SAGE Publications 2020-11-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8855450/ /pubmed/35186151 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543520970819 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Invited Review Article
Liao, Rick
Wood, Thomas R
Nance, Elizabeth
Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
title Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
title_full Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
title_fullStr Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
title_full_unstemmed Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
title_short Nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
title_sort nanotherapeutic modulation of excitotoxicity and oxidative stress in acute brain injury
topic Invited Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855450/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35186151
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543520970819
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