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Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness

Maintaining balance necessitates an accurate perceptual map of the external world. Neuro-physiological mechanisms of locomotor control, sensory perception, and anxiety systems have been viewed as separate entities that can on occasion affect each other (i.e., walking on ice). Emerging models are mor...

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Autores principales: Arshad, Qadeer, Saman, Yougan, Sharif, Mishaal, Kaski, Diego, Staab, Jeffrey P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185485
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2021.806940
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author Arshad, Qadeer
Saman, Yougan
Sharif, Mishaal
Kaski, Diego
Staab, Jeffrey P.
author_facet Arshad, Qadeer
Saman, Yougan
Sharif, Mishaal
Kaski, Diego
Staab, Jeffrey P.
author_sort Arshad, Qadeer
collection PubMed
description Maintaining balance necessitates an accurate perceptual map of the external world. Neuro-physiological mechanisms of locomotor control, sensory perception, and anxiety systems have been viewed as separate entities that can on occasion affect each other (i.e., walking on ice). Emerging models are more integrated, that envision sensory perception and threat assessment as a fundamental component of balance. Here we present an empirically based theoretical argument that vestibular cortical areas construct magnitude estimates of our environment via neural integration of incoming sensory signals. In turn, these cortically derived magnitude estimates, construct context-dependent vestibulo-spatial and vestibulo-temporal, representational maps of the external world, and ensure an appropriate online scaling factor for associated action-perceptual risk. Thus, threat signals are able to exert continuous influence on planning movements, predicting outcomes of motion of self and surrounding objects, and adjusting tolerances for discrepancies between predicted and actual estimates. Such a process affects the degree of conscious attention directed to spatial and temporal aspects of motion stimuli, implying that maintaining balance may follow a Bayesian approach in which the relative weighting of vestibulo-spatial and vestibulo-temporal signals and tolerance for discrepancies are adjusted in accordance with the level of threat assessment. Here, we seek to mechanistically explain this process with our novel empirical concept of a Brainstem Cortical Scaling Metric (BCSM), which we developed from a series of neurophysiological studies illustrating the central role of interhemispheric vestibulo-cortical asymmetries for balance control. We conclude by using the BCSM to derive theoretical predictions of how a dysfunctional BCSM can mechanistically account for functional dizziness.
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spelling pubmed-88554822022-02-19 Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness Arshad, Qadeer Saman, Yougan Sharif, Mishaal Kaski, Diego Staab, Jeffrey P. Front Integr Neurosci Integrative Neuroscience Maintaining balance necessitates an accurate perceptual map of the external world. Neuro-physiological mechanisms of locomotor control, sensory perception, and anxiety systems have been viewed as separate entities that can on occasion affect each other (i.e., walking on ice). Emerging models are more integrated, that envision sensory perception and threat assessment as a fundamental component of balance. Here we present an empirically based theoretical argument that vestibular cortical areas construct magnitude estimates of our environment via neural integration of incoming sensory signals. In turn, these cortically derived magnitude estimates, construct context-dependent vestibulo-spatial and vestibulo-temporal, representational maps of the external world, and ensure an appropriate online scaling factor for associated action-perceptual risk. Thus, threat signals are able to exert continuous influence on planning movements, predicting outcomes of motion of self and surrounding objects, and adjusting tolerances for discrepancies between predicted and actual estimates. Such a process affects the degree of conscious attention directed to spatial and temporal aspects of motion stimuli, implying that maintaining balance may follow a Bayesian approach in which the relative weighting of vestibulo-spatial and vestibulo-temporal signals and tolerance for discrepancies are adjusted in accordance with the level of threat assessment. Here, we seek to mechanistically explain this process with our novel empirical concept of a Brainstem Cortical Scaling Metric (BCSM), which we developed from a series of neurophysiological studies illustrating the central role of interhemispheric vestibulo-cortical asymmetries for balance control. We conclude by using the BCSM to derive theoretical predictions of how a dysfunctional BCSM can mechanistically account for functional dizziness. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8855482/ /pubmed/35185485 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2021.806940 Text en Copyright © 2022 Arshad, Saman, Sharif, Kaski and Staab. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Integrative Neuroscience
Arshad, Qadeer
Saman, Yougan
Sharif, Mishaal
Kaski, Diego
Staab, Jeffrey P.
Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness
title Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness
title_full Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness
title_fullStr Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness
title_full_unstemmed Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness
title_short Magnitude Estimates Orchestrate Hierarchal Construction of Context-Dependent Representational Maps for Vestibular Space and Time: Theoretical Implications for Functional Dizziness
title_sort magnitude estimates orchestrate hierarchal construction of context-dependent representational maps for vestibular space and time: theoretical implications for functional dizziness
topic Integrative Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8855482/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35185485
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2021.806940
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