Cargando…

Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020

Congenital Malaria (CM) is an underestimated and under-researched problem in Colombia, despite its severe clinical, epidemiological, economic, and public health consequences. The objective was to determine the general frequency of CM, the specific frequency of CM by diagnostic test and plasmodial sp...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio, Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35180230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263451
_version_ 1784653873498030080
author Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
author_facet Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
author_sort Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
collection PubMed
description Congenital Malaria (CM) is an underestimated and under-researched problem in Colombia, despite its severe clinical, epidemiological, economic, and public health consequences. The objective was to determine the general frequency of CM, the specific frequency of CM by diagnostic test and plasmodial species, and identify its associated factors. A retrospective study was carried out using the records of 567 newborns. qPCR and Thick Blood Smear (TBS) were performed. The frequency of infection was determined with a 95% confidence interval. Associated factors were identified by non-parametric tests and odds ratios; the confusion was controlled with a logistic regression model. All cases corresponded to submicroscopic CM (negative with TBS and positive with PCR), and the frequency was 12.2% (95%CI = 9.4–14.9). The detection was statistically higher in the umbilical cord with 16,2% (95%CI = 12.4–19.9) versus peripheral blood of the newborn with 2.2% (95%CI = 0.7–4.9). CM was statistically higher in newborn whose mothers had malaria in the last year, gestational and placental malaria. The median birth weight in newborn infected with CM was lower compared to the one of healthy neonates. Because the control program in Colombia is based on TBS, it must be improved with the inclusion of other tests that allow the detection of submicroscopic CM. In addition, the program has other limitations such as do not have specific actions for pregnant women and have a passive surveillance system. These difficulties do not allow to show the magnitude of CM, its consequences on neonatal and infant health, constituting a serious problem of health injustice.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8856554
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-88565542022-02-19 Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020 Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime PLoS One Research Article Congenital Malaria (CM) is an underestimated and under-researched problem in Colombia, despite its severe clinical, epidemiological, economic, and public health consequences. The objective was to determine the general frequency of CM, the specific frequency of CM by diagnostic test and plasmodial species, and identify its associated factors. A retrospective study was carried out using the records of 567 newborns. qPCR and Thick Blood Smear (TBS) were performed. The frequency of infection was determined with a 95% confidence interval. Associated factors were identified by non-parametric tests and odds ratios; the confusion was controlled with a logistic regression model. All cases corresponded to submicroscopic CM (negative with TBS and positive with PCR), and the frequency was 12.2% (95%CI = 9.4–14.9). The detection was statistically higher in the umbilical cord with 16,2% (95%CI = 12.4–19.9) versus peripheral blood of the newborn with 2.2% (95%CI = 0.7–4.9). CM was statistically higher in newborn whose mothers had malaria in the last year, gestational and placental malaria. The median birth weight in newborn infected with CM was lower compared to the one of healthy neonates. Because the control program in Colombia is based on TBS, it must be improved with the inclusion of other tests that allow the detection of submicroscopic CM. In addition, the program has other limitations such as do not have specific actions for pregnant women and have a passive surveillance system. These difficulties do not allow to show the magnitude of CM, its consequences on neonatal and infant health, constituting a serious problem of health injustice. Public Library of Science 2022-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8856554/ /pubmed/35180230 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263451 Text en © 2022 Cardona-Arias, Carmona-Fonseca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cardona-Arias, Jaiberth Antonio
Carmona-Fonseca, Jaime
Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020
title Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020
title_full Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020
title_fullStr Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020
title_full_unstemmed Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020
title_short Congenital malaria: Frequency and epidemiology in Colombia, 2009-2020
title_sort congenital malaria: frequency and epidemiology in colombia, 2009-2020
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856554/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35180230
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263451
work_keys_str_mv AT cardonaariasjaiberthantonio congenitalmalariafrequencyandepidemiologyincolombia20092020
AT carmonafonsecajaime congenitalmalariafrequencyandepidemiologyincolombia20092020